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Selected Verse: 1 Samuel 10:1 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
1Sa 10:1	Strong Concordance	Then Samuel [08050] took [03947] a vial [06378] of oil [08081], and poured [03332] it upon his head [07218], and kissed [05401] him, and said [0559], Is it not because the LORD [03068] hath anointed [04886] thee to be captain [05057] over his inheritance [05159]?
	King James	Then Samuel took a vial of oil, and poured it upon his head, and kissed him, and said, Is it not because the LORD hath anointed thee to be captain over his inheritance?

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
SAMUEL ANOINTS SAUL, AND CONFIRMS HIM BY THE PREDICTION OF THREE SIGNS. (1Sa. 10:1-27) Then Samuel took a vial of oil--This was the ancient (Jdg 9:8) ceremony of investiture with the royal office among the Hebrews and other Eastern nations. But there were two unctions to the kingly office; the one in private, by a prophet (Sa1 16:13), which was meant to be only a prophetic intimation of the person attaining that high dignity--the more public and formal inauguration (Sa2 2:4; Sa2 5:3) was performed by the high priest, and perhaps with the holy oil, but that is not certain. The first of a dynasty was thus anointed, but not his heirs, unless the succession was disputed (Kg1 1:39; Kg2 11:12; Kg2 23:30; Ch2 23:11). kissed him--This salutation, as explained by the words that accompanied it, was an act of respectful homage, a token of congratulation to the new king (Psa 2:12).

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

SAMUEL ANOINTS SAUL, AND CONFIRMS HIM BY THE PREDICTION OF THREE SIGNS. (1Sa. 10:1-27)

Then Samuel took a vial of oil--This was the ancient (Jdg 9:8) ceremony of investiture with the royal office among the Hebrews and other Eastern nations. But there were two unctions to the kingly office; the one in private, by a prophet (Sa1 16:13), which was meant to be only a prophetic intimation of the person attaining that high dignity--the more public and formal inauguration (Sa2 2:4; Sa2 5:3) was performed by the high priest, and perhaps with the holy oil, but that is not certain. The first of a dynasty was thus anointed, but not his heirs, unless the succession was disputed (Kg1 1:39; Kg2 11:12; Kg2 23:30; Ch2 23:11).

kissed him--This salutation, as explained by the words that accompanied it, was an act of respectful homage, a token of congratulation to the new king (Psa 2:12).

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
Is it not because ... - Samuel answers Saul's tacit or expressed wonder, by telling him why he did as he did. (Compare Sa1 9:21.)

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
Samuel then took the oil-flask, poured it upon his (Saul's) head, kissed him, and said, "Hath not Jehovah (equivalent to 'Jehovah assuredly hath') anointed thee to be captain over His inheritance?" הלוא, as an expression of lively assurance, receives the force of an independent clause through the following כּי, "is it not so?" i.e., "yea, it is so, that," etc., just as it does before אם in Gen 4:7. נחלתו, (His (Jehovah's) possession, was the nation of Israel, which Jehovah had acquired as the people of His own possession through their deliverance out of Egypt (Deu 4:20; Deu 9:26, etc.). Anointing with oil as a symbol of endowment with the Spirit of God; as the oil itself, by virtue of the strength which it gives to the vital spirits, was a symbol of the Spirit of God as the principle of divine and spiritual power (see at Lev 8:12). Hitherto there had been no other anointing among the people of God than that of the priests and sanctuary (Exo 30:23.; Lev 8:10.). When Saul, therefore, was consecrated as king by anointing, the monarchy was inaugurated as a divine institution, standing on a par with the priesthood; through which henceforth the Lord would also bestow upon His people the gifts of His Spirit for the building up of His kingdom. As the priests were consecrated by anointing to be the media of the ethical blessings of divine grace for Israel, so the king was consecrated by anointing to be the vehicle and medium of all the blessings of grace which the Lord, as the God-king, would confer upon His people through the institution of a civil government. Through this anointing, which was performed by Samuel under the direction of God, the king was set apart from the rest of the nation as "anointed of the Lord" (cf. Sa1 12:3, Sa1 12:5, etc.), and sanctified as the נגיד, i.e., its captain, its leader and commander. Kissing was probably not a sign of homage or reverence towards the anointed of the Lord, so much as "a kiss of affection, with which the grace of God itself was sealed" (Seb. Schmidt). (Note: The lxx and Vulgate have expanded the second half of this verse by a considerable addition, which reads as follows in the lxx: οὐχὶ κέχρικέ σε κύριος εἰς ἄρχοντα ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ Ἰσραήλ καὶ σὺ ἄρξεις ἐν λαῷ κυρίου, καὶ σὺ σώσεις αὐτὸν ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ κυκλόθεν, καὶ τοῦτό σοι τὸ σημεῖον ὅτι ἔχρισέ σε κύριος ἐπὶ κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ εἰς ἄρχοντα. And in the Vulgate: Ecce, unxit te Dominus super haereditatem suam in principem, et liberabis populum suum de manibus inimicorum ejus, qui in circuitu ejus sunt. Et hoc tibi signum, quia unxit te Deus in principem. A comparison of these two texts will show that the lxx interpolated their addition between הלוא and כּי, as the last clause, ὅτι ἔχρισέ σε κύριος ἐπὶ κληρονομίαν αυτοῦ εἰς ἄρχοντα, is a verbal translation of יהוה משׁחך כּי לנגיד על־נחלתו. In the Vulgate, on the other hand, the first clause, ecce unxit - in principem, corresponds word for word with the Hebrew text, from which we may see that Jerome translated our present Hebrew text; and the addition, et liberabis, etc., was interpolated into the Vulgate from the Itala. The text of the Septuagint is nothing more than a gloss formed from Sa1 9:16-17, which the translator thought necessary, partly because he could not clearly see the force of כּי הלוא, but more especially because he could not explain the fact that Samuel speaks to Saul of signs, without having announced them to him as such. But the author of the gloss has overlooked the fact that Samuel does not give Saul a σημεῖον, but three σημεῖα, and describes the object of them in Sa1 10:7 as being the following, namely, that Saul would learn when they took place what he had to do, for Jehovah was with him, and not that they would prove that the Lord had anointed him to be captain.)

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

Samuel then took the oil-flask, poured it upon his (Saul's) head, kissed him, and said, "Hath not Jehovah (equivalent to 'Jehovah assuredly hath') anointed thee to be captain over His inheritance?" הלוא, as an expression of lively assurance, receives the force of an independent clause through the following כּי, "is it not so?" i.e., "yea, it is so, that," etc., just as it does before אם in Gen 4:7. נחלתו, (His (Jehovah's) possession, was the nation of Israel, which Jehovah had acquired as the people of His own possession through their deliverance out of Egypt (Deu 4:20; Deu 9:26, etc.). Anointing with oil as a symbol of endowment with the Spirit of God; as the oil itself, by virtue of the strength which it gives to the vital spirits, was a symbol of the Spirit of God as the principle of divine and spiritual power (see at Lev 8:12). Hitherto there had been no other anointing among the people of God than that of the priests and sanctuary (Exo 30:23.; Lev 8:10.). When Saul, therefore, was consecrated as king by anointing, the monarchy was inaugurated as a divine institution, standing on a par with the priesthood; through which henceforth the Lord would also bestow upon His people the gifts of His Spirit for the building up of His kingdom. As the priests were consecrated by anointing to be the media of the ethical blessings of divine grace for Israel, so the king was consecrated by anointing to be the vehicle and medium of all the blessings of grace which the Lord, as the God-king, would confer upon His people through the institution of a civil government. Through this anointing, which was performed by Samuel under the direction of God, the king was set apart from the rest of the nation as "anointed of the Lord" (cf. Sa1 12:3, Sa1 12:5, etc.), and sanctified as the נגיד, i.e., its captain, its leader and commander. Kissing was probably not a sign of homage or reverence towards the anointed of the Lord, so much as "a kiss of affection, with which the grace of God itself was sealed" (Seb. Schmidt).

(Note: The lxx and Vulgate have expanded the second half of this verse by a considerable addition, which reads as follows in the lxx: οὐχὶ κέχρικέ σε κύριος εἰς ἄρχοντα ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ Ἰσραήλ καὶ σὺ ἄρξεις ἐν λαῷ κυρίου, καὶ σὺ σώσεις αὐτὸν ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ κυκλόθεν, καὶ τοῦτό σοι τὸ σημεῖον ὅτι ἔχρισέ σε κύριος ἐπὶ κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ εἰς ἄρχοντα. And in the Vulgate: Ecce, unxit te Dominus super haereditatem suam in principem, et liberabis populum suum de manibus inimicorum ejus, qui in circuitu ejus sunt. Et hoc tibi signum, quia unxit te Deus in principem. A comparison of these two texts will show that the lxx interpolated their addition between הלוא and כּי, as the last clause, ὅτι ἔχρισέ σε κύριος ἐπὶ κληρονομίαν αυτοῦ εἰς ἄρχοντα, is a verbal translation of יהוה משׁחך כּי לנגיד על־נחלתו. In the Vulgate, on the other hand, the first clause, ecce unxit - in principem, corresponds word for word with the Hebrew text, from which we may see that Jerome translated our present Hebrew text; and the addition, et liberabis, etc., was interpolated into the Vulgate from the Itala. The text of the Septuagint is nothing more than a gloss formed from Sa1 9:16-17, which the translator thought necessary, partly because he could not clearly see the force of כּי הלוא, but more especially because he could not explain the fact that Samuel speaks to Saul of signs, without having announced them to him as such. But the author of the gloss has overlooked the fact that Samuel does not give Saul a σημεῖον, but three σημεῖα, and describes the object of them in Sa1 10:7 as being the following, namely, that Saul would learn when they took place what he had to do, for Jehovah was with him, and not that they would prove that the Lord had anointed him to be captain.)

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
Poured it - Which Is was the usual rite in the designation, as of priests and prophets, so also of kings, whereby was signified the pouring forth of the gifts of God's spirit upon him, to fit him for the administration of his office. These sacred unctions then used, pointed at the great Messiah, or anointed One, the King of the church, and High - priest of our profession, who was anointed with the oil of the spirit without measure, above all the priests and princes of the Jewish church. Kissed - As a testimony of his sincere friendship and affection to him. His inheritance - That is, over his own peculiar people. Whereby he admonisheth Saul, that this people were not so much his, as God's; and that he was not to rule them according his own will, but according to the will of God.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
Took a vial of oil - The reasons of this rite the reader will find largely stated in the note on Exo 29:7. The anointing mentioned here took place in the open field. See the preceding chapter, Sa1 9:26-27 (note). How simple was the ancient ceremony of consecrating a king! A prophet or priest poured oil upon his head, and kissed him; and said, Thus the Lord hath anointed thee to be captain over his inheritance. This was the whole of the ceremony. Even in this anointing, Saul is not acknowledged as king, but simply נגיד nagid, a captain - one who goes before and leads the people.

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¹² Kiss [05401] the Son [01248], lest he be angry [0599], and ye perish [06] from the way [01870], when his wrath [0639] is kindled [01197] but a little [04592]. Blessed [0835] are all they that put their trust [02620] in him.

¹¹ Then they brought out [03318] the king's [04428] son [01121], and put [05414] upon him the crown [05145], and gave him the testimony [05715], and made him king [04427]. And Jehoiada [03077] and his sons [01121] anointed [04886] him, and said [0559], God save [02421] the king [04428].

³⁰ And his servants [05650] carried him in a chariot [07392] dead [04191] from Megiddo [04023], and brought [0935] him to Jerusalem [03389], and buried [06912] him in his own sepulchre [06900]. And the people [05971] of the land [0776] took [03947] Jehoahaz [03059] the son [01121] of Josiah [02977], and anointed [04886] him, and made him king [04427] in his father's [01] stead.

¹² And he brought forth [03318] the king's [04428] son [01121], and put [05414] the crown [05145] upon him, and gave him the testimony [05715]; and they made him king [04427], and anointed [04886] him; and they clapped [05221] their hands [03709], and said [0559], God save [02421] the king [04428].

³⁹ And Zadok [06659] the priest [03548] took [03947] an horn [07161] of oil [08081] out of the tabernacle [0168], and anointed [04886] Solomon [08010]. And they blew [08628] the trumpet [07782]; and all the people [05971] said [0559], God save [02421] king [04428] Solomon [08010].

³ So all the elders [02205] of Israel [03478] came [0935] to the king [04428] to Hebron [02275]; and king [04428] David [01732] made [03772] a league [01285] with them in Hebron [02275] before [06440] the LORD [03068]: and they anointed [04886] David [01732] king [04428] over Israel [03478].

⁴ And the men [0582] of Judah [03063] came [0935], and there they anointed [04886] David [01732] king [04428] over the house [01004] of Judah [03063]. And they told [05046] David [01732], saying [0559], That the men [0582] of Jabeshgilead [03003] [01568] were they that buried [06912] Saul [07586].

¹³ Then Samuel [08050] took [03947] the horn [07161] of oil [08081], and anointed [04886] him in the midst [07130] of his brethren [0251]: and the Spirit [07307] of the LORD [03068] came [06743] upon David [01732] from that day [03117] forward [04605]. So Samuel [08050] rose up [06965], and went [03212] to Ramah [07414].

⁸ The trees [06086] went forth [01980] [01980] on a time to anoint [04886] a king [04428] over them; and they said [0559] unto the olive tree [02132], Reign [04427] thou over us.

²¹ And Saul [07586] answered [06030] and said [0559], Am not I a Benjamite [01145], of the smallest [06996] of the tribes [07626] of Israel [03478]? and my family [04940] the least [06810] of all the families [04940] of the tribe [07626] of Benjamin [01144]? wherefore then speakest [01696] thou so [01697] to me?

⁷ And let it be, when these signs [0226] are come [0935] unto thee, that thou do [06213] as occasion [04672] serve [03027] thee; for God [0430] is with thee.

¹⁶ To morrow [04279] about this time [06256] I will send [07971] thee a man [0376] out of the land [0776] of Benjamin [01144], and thou shalt anoint [04886] him to be captain [05057] over my people [05971] Israel [03478], that he may save [03467] my people [05971] out of the hand [03027] of the Philistines [06430]: for I have looked [07200] upon my people [05971], because their cry [06818] is come [0935] unto me.
¹⁷ And when Samuel [08050] saw [07200] Saul [07586], the LORD [03068] said [06030] unto him, Behold the man [0376] whom I spake [0559] to thee of! this same shall reign [06113] over my people [05971].

⁵ And he said [0559] unto them, The LORD [03068] is witness [05707] against you, and his anointed [04899] is witness [05707] this day [03117], that ye have not found [04672] ought [03972] in my hand [03027]. And they answered [0559], He is witness [05707].

³ Behold, here I am: witness [06030] against me before the LORD [03068], and before his anointed [04899]: whose ox [07794] have I taken [03947]? or whose ass [02543] have I taken [03947]? or whom have I defrauded [06231]? whom have I oppressed [07533]? or of whose hand [03027] have I received any bribe [03724] to blind [05956] mine eyes [05869] therewith? and I will restore [07725] it you.

¹⁰ And Moses [04872] took [03947] the anointing [04888] oil [08081], and anointed [04886] the tabernacle [04908] and all that was therein, and sanctified [06942] them.

²³ Take [03947] thou also unto thee principal [07218] spices [01314], of pure [01865] myrrh [04753] five [02568] hundred [03967] shekels, and of sweet [01314] cinnamon [07076] half [04276] so much [04276], even two hundred [03967] and fifty [02572] shekels, and of sweet [01314] calamus [07070] two hundred [03967] and fifty [02572] shekels,

¹² And he poured [03332] of the anointing [04888] oil [08081] upon Aaron's [0175] head [07218], and anointed [04886] him, to sanctify [06942] him.

²⁶ I prayed [06419] therefore unto the LORD [03068], and said [0559], O Lord [0136] GOD [03069], destroy [07843] not thy people [05971] and thine inheritance [05159], which thou hast redeemed [06299] through thy greatness [01433], which thou hast brought forth [03318] out of Egypt [04714] with a mighty [02389] hand [03027].

²⁰ But the LORD [03068] hath taken [03947] you, and brought you forth [03318] out of the iron [01270] furnace [03564], even out of Egypt [04714], to be unto him a people [05971] of inheritance [05159], as ye are this day [03117].

⁷ If [0518] thou doest well [03190], shalt thou not be accepted [07613]? and if thou doest not well [03190], sin [02403] lieth [07257] at the door [06607]. And unto thee shall be his desire [08669], and thou shalt rule [04910] over him.

²⁶ And they arose early [07925]: and it came to pass about the spring [05927] of the day [07837], that Samuel [08050] called [07121] Saul [07586] to the top of the house [01406], saying [0559], Up [06965], that I may send thee away [07971]. And Saul [07586] arose [06965], and they went out [03318] both [08147] of them, he and Samuel [08050], abroad [02351].
²⁷ And as they were going down [03381] to the end [07097] of the city [05892], Samuel [08050] said [0559] to Saul [07586], Bid [0559] the servant [05288] pass on [05674] before [06440] us, (and he passed on [05674] but stand [05975] thou still a while [03117], that I may shew [08085] thee the word [01697] of God [0430].

⁷ Then shalt thou take [03947] the anointing [04888] oil [08081], and pour [03332] it upon his head [07218], and anoint [04886] him.