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Selected Verse: Lamentations 2:17 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
La 2:17	Strong Concordance	The LORD [03068] hath done [06213] that which he had devised [02161]; he hath fulfilled [01214] his word [0565] that he had commanded [06680] in the days [03117] of old [06924]: he hath thrown down [02040], and hath not pitied [02550]: and he hath caused thine enemy [0341] to rejoice [08055] over thee, he hath set up [07311] the horn [07161] of thine adversaries [06862].
	King James	The LORD hath done that which he had devised; he hath fulfilled his word that he had commanded in the days of old: he hath thrown down, and hath not pitied: and he hath caused thine enemy to rejoice over thee, he hath set up the horn of thine adversaries.

Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
Lord--Let not the foe exult as if it was their doing. It was "the Lord" who thus fulfilled the threats uttered by His prophets for the guilt of Judea (Lev 26:16-25; Deu 28:36-48, Deu 28:53; Jer 19:9).

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

Lord--Let not the foe exult as if it was their doing. It was "the Lord" who thus fulfilled the threats uttered by His prophets for the guilt of Judea (Lev 26:16-25; Deu 28:36-48, Deu 28:53; Jer 19:9).

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
That which he had devised - Or, what he purposed. Zion's ruin was the fulfillment of God's determination, of which they had been forwarned from the days of old (see the margin reference). Fulfilled - Or, finished.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
In this calamity, which Jahveh has ordained, it is only He who can bring comfort and help; [and this He will do], if earnest and incessant complaint be made to Him regarding the misery. In order to turn the thoughts of the people in this direction, the prophet lays emphasis on the fact that God has now executed this destruction which He has threatened long before, and has prepared for the triumph of the enemy. "Jahveh hath done what He hath purposed," has now performed the word which He has commanded all along from the days of yore. Zechariah (Zac 1:6) also lays this truth before the heart of his contemporaries. בּצּע, to cut off, is used metaphorically in the sense of finishing, completing, as in Isa 10:12; Zac 4:9. To fulfil a word that has been ordered, signifies to execute it. צוּה does not mean to announce, but to command, order; the word has been chosen, not merely with reference to the fact that the threatened rejection of Israel was announced in the law, but also with regard to the circumstance that the threat of punishment for sins is an evidence of the moral government of the world, and the holiness of the Lord and Ruler of the world demands the punishment of every act of rebellion against the government and decrees of God. "The days of old" are the times of Moses; for Jeremiah has before his mind the threatenings of the law, Lev 26:23., Deu 28:15. "Without sparing," as Jeremiah (Jer 4:28) has announced to the people. In the following clause, "He hath made thine enemy rejoice over thee," thoughts are reproduced from Psa 89:43. To "exalt the horn" means to grant power and victory; cf. Sa1 21:1; Psa 75:5. Lam 2:18 When it is seen that the Lord has appointed the terrible calamity, the people are driven to pray for mercy. Hence Lam 2:18 follows, yet not at once with the summons to prayer, but with the assertion of the fact that this actually takes place: "their heart cries out unto the Lord;" and it is not till after this that there follows the summons to entreat Him incessantly with tears. The perfect צעק represents the crying as already begun, and reaching on to the present (cf. Ewald, 135, b), for which we use the present in German [and in English]. That the suffix in "their heart" does not point to the enemies mentioned at the close of Lam 2:17, but to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, is indubitably evident from what is substantially stated in the clause, viz., that crying to the Lord merely indicates the crying to God for help in distress. There is no sufficient reason for Ewald's change of צעק ל into צעקי לבּך, "outcries of thine heart," i.e., let the cry of thine heart sound forth; still less ground is there for the conjecture of Thenius, that לבּם should be changed into חנּם, because this is opposed to the following summons to implore help: other more unnatural changes in the text it were needless to mention. The following clauses, "O wall of the daughter of Zion," etc., do not state how her heart has cried and still cries to the Lord, but bid her constantly go on imploring. Several expositors have taken objection to the direct address, "O wall of the daughter of Zion," and have sought to remove the difficulty by making conjectures. Hence, e.g., Thenius still holds that there is good ground for the objection, saying that there is a wide difference between the poetic expression, "the wall mourns" (Lam 2:8), and the summons, "O wall, let tears run down." This difference cannot be denied, yet such personification is not without analogy. A similar summons is found in Isa 14:31 : "Howl, O gate" (porta). It is self-evident that it is not the wall simply as such that is considered, but everything besides connected with it, so that the wall is named instead of the city with its inhabitants, just as in Isa 14:31 gate and city are synonymous. Hence, also, all the faculties of those residing within the wall (eyes, heart, hands) may be ascribed to it, inasmuch as the idea of the wall easily and naturally glides over into that of the daughter of Zion. The expression, "Let tears run down like a stream," is a hyperbole used to indicate the exceeding greatness of the grief. "By day and night" is intensified by the clauses which follow: "give not," i.e., grant not. פּוּגת לך , "torpidity (stagnation) to thyself." The noun פּוּגה is ἅπ. λεγ., like הפוּגה, Lam 3:49; the verb פּוּג, however, occurs in Gen 25:26 and Psa 77:3, where it is used of the torpidity of the vital spirits, stagnation of the heart. The expression in the text is a poetic one for פּוּגתך: "do not permit thy numbness," i.e., let not thy flood of tears dry up; cf. Ewald, 289, b. בּת עין is the eyeball, not the tears (Pareau); cf. Psa 17:8. תּדּם comes from דּמם, to be still, as in Jer 47:6. On the thought here presented, cf. Jer 14:17. Lam 2:19 רנן (prop. to raise a whining cry, but commonly "to shout for joy") here means to weep aloud, lament. לראשׁ אשׁמרות, at the beginning of the night-watches (cf. Jdg 7:19); not "in the first night-watch" (Kalkschmidt, following Bochart and Ngelsbach), but at the beginning of each night-watch, i.e., throughout the night; cf. Psa 63:7. "Pour out thine heart like water before the face of the Lord," i.e., utter the sorrow of thine heart in tears to the Lord. The uplifting of the hands is a gesture indicative of prayer and entreaty (cf. Psa 28:2; Psa 63:5, etc.), not "of the deepest distress" (Thenius). על־נפשׁ does not mean pro vita parvulorum tuorum, that God may at least preserve them (Rosenmller, Gerlach), but "on account of the soul of thy children," which is more distinctly stated, in the following relative sentence, to mean that they have breathed out their soul through hunger. On this matter, cf. Lam 2:11 and the exposition of that verse. Ewald has placed the last member of the verse within parentheses, as an interpolation, on the ground that a fourth member offends against the law observed in these verses; on the other hand, Thenius is of opinion that the words do not form a member of the verse by themselves, but are a mere prolongation of the third, "because the conclusion of the prophet's address, begun in Lam 2:19, was certainly intended to be a complete finish." But the deviation from the rule is not thereby accounted for. Inasmuch as the words are essential to the expression of the thought, we must simply acknowledge the irregularity, and not arbitrarily cast suspicion on the genuineness of the words.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

In this calamity, which Jahveh has ordained, it is only He who can bring comfort and help; [and this He will do], if earnest and incessant complaint be made to Him regarding the misery. In order to turn the thoughts of the people in this direction, the prophet lays emphasis on the fact that God has now executed this destruction which He has threatened long before, and has prepared for the triumph of the enemy. "Jahveh hath done what He hath purposed," has now performed the word which He has commanded all along from the days of yore. Zechariah (Zac 1:6) also lays this truth before the heart of his contemporaries. בּצּע, to cut off, is used metaphorically in the sense of finishing, completing, as in Isa 10:12; Zac 4:9. To fulfil a word that has been ordered, signifies to execute it. צוּה does not mean to announce, but to command, order; the word has been chosen, not merely with reference to the fact that the threatened rejection of Israel was announced in the law, but also with regard to the circumstance that the threat of punishment for sins is an evidence of the moral government of the world, and the holiness of the Lord and Ruler of the world demands the punishment of every act of rebellion against the government and decrees of God. "The days of old" are the times of Moses; for Jeremiah has before his mind the threatenings of the law, Lev 26:23., Deu 28:15. "Without sparing," as Jeremiah (Jer 4:28) has announced to the people. In the following clause, "He hath made thine enemy rejoice over thee," thoughts are reproduced from Psa 89:43. To "exalt the horn" means to grant power and victory; cf. Sa1 21:1; Psa 75:5.

Lam 2:18

When it is seen that the Lord has appointed the terrible calamity, the people are driven to pray for mercy. Hence Lam 2:18 follows, yet not at once with the summons to prayer, but with the assertion of the fact that this actually takes place: "their heart cries out unto the Lord;" and it is not till after this that there follows the summons to entreat Him incessantly with tears. The perfect צעק represents the crying as already begun, and reaching on to the present (cf. Ewald, 135, b), for which we use the present in German [and in English]. That the suffix in "their heart" does not point to the enemies mentioned at the close of Lam 2:17, but to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, is indubitably evident from what is substantially stated in the clause, viz., that crying to the Lord merely indicates the crying to God for help in distress. There is no sufficient reason for Ewald's change of צעק ל into צעקי לבּך, "outcries of thine heart," i.e., let the cry of thine heart sound forth; still less ground is there for the conjecture of Thenius, that לבּם should be changed into חנּם, because this is opposed to the following summons to implore help: other more unnatural changes in the text it were needless to mention. The following clauses, "O wall of the daughter of Zion," etc., do not state how her heart has cried and still cries to the Lord, but bid her constantly go on imploring. Several expositors have taken objection to the direct address, "O wall of the daughter of Zion," and have sought to remove the difficulty by making conjectures. Hence, e.g., Thenius still holds that there is good ground for the objection, saying that there is a wide difference between the poetic expression, "the wall mourns" (Lam 2:8), and the summons, "O wall, let tears run down." This difference cannot be denied, yet such personification is not without analogy. A similar summons is found in Isa 14:31 : "Howl, O gate" (porta). It is self-evident that it is not the wall simply as such that is considered, but everything besides connected with it, so that the wall is named instead of the city with its inhabitants, just as in Isa 14:31 gate and city are synonymous. Hence, also, all the faculties of those residing within the wall (eyes, heart, hands) may be ascribed to it, inasmuch as the idea of the wall easily and naturally glides over into that of the daughter of Zion. The expression, "Let tears run down like a stream," is a hyperbole used to indicate the exceeding greatness of the grief. "By day and night" is intensified by the clauses which follow: "give not," i.e., grant not. פּוּגת לך , "torpidity (stagnation) to thyself." The noun פּוּגה is ἅπ. λεγ., like הפוּגה, Lam 3:49; the verb פּוּג, however, occurs in Gen 25:26 and Psa 77:3, where it is used of the torpidity of the vital spirits, stagnation of the heart. The expression in the text is a poetic one for פּוּגתך: "do not permit thy numbness," i.e., let not thy flood of tears dry up; cf. Ewald, 289, b. בּת עין is the eyeball, not the tears (Pareau); cf. Psa 17:8. תּדּם comes from דּמם, to be still, as in Jer 47:6. On the thought here presented, cf. Jer 14:17.

Lam 2:19

רנן (prop. to raise a whining cry, but commonly "to shout for joy") here means to weep aloud, lament. לראשׁ אשׁמרות, at the beginning of the night-watches (cf. Jdg 7:19); not "in the first night-watch" (Kalkschmidt, following Bochart and Ngelsbach), but at the beginning of each night-watch, i.e., throughout the night; cf. Psa 63:7. "Pour out thine heart like water before the face of the Lord," i.e., utter the sorrow of thine heart in tears to the Lord. The uplifting of the hands is a gesture indicative of prayer and entreaty (cf. Psa 28:2; Psa 63:5, etc.), not "of the deepest distress" (Thenius). על־נפשׁ does not mean pro vita parvulorum tuorum, that God may at least preserve them (Rosenmller, Gerlach), but "on account of the soul of thy children," which is more distinctly stated, in the following relative sentence, to mean that they have breathed out their soul through hunger. On this matter, cf. Lam 2:11 and the exposition of that verse. Ewald has placed the last member of the verse within parentheses, as an interpolation, on the ground that a fourth member offends against the law observed in these verses; on the other hand, Thenius is of opinion that the words do not form a member of the verse by themselves, but are a mere prolongation of the third, "because the conclusion of the prophet's address, begun in Lam 2:19, was certainly intended to be a complete finish." But the deviation from the rule is not thereby accounted for. Inasmuch as the words are essential to the expression of the thought, we must simply acknowledge the irregularity, and not arbitrarily cast suspicion on the genuineness of the words.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
The Lord hate done that - This and the sixteenth verse should be interchanged, to follow the order of the letters in the Hebrew alphabet; as the sixteenth has פ phe for its acrostic letter, and the seventeenth has ע ain, which should precede the other in the order of the alphabet.

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⁹ And I will cause them to eat [0398] the flesh [01320] of their sons [01121] and the flesh [01320] of their daughters [01323], and they shall eat [0398] every one [0376] the flesh [01320] of his friend [07453] in the siege [04692] and straitness [04689], wherewith their enemies [0341], and they that seek [01245] their lives [05315], shall straiten [06693] them.

⁵³ And thou shalt eat [0398] the fruit [06529] of thine own body [0990], the flesh [01320] of thy sons [01121] and of thy daughters [01323], which the LORD [03068] thy God [0430] hath given [05414] thee, in the siege [04692], and in the straitness [04689], wherewith thine enemies [0341] shall distress [06693] thee:

³⁶ The LORD [03068] shall bring [03212] thee, and thy king [04428] which thou shalt set [06965] over thee, unto a nation [01471] which neither thou nor thy fathers [01] have known [03045]; and there shalt thou serve [05647] other [0312] gods [0430], wood [06086] and stone [068].
³⁷ And thou shalt become an astonishment [08047], a proverb [04912], and a byword [08148], among all nations [05971] whither the LORD [03068] shall lead [05090] thee.
³⁸ Thou shalt carry [03318] much [07227] seed [02233] out [03318] into the field [07704], and shalt gather [0622] but little [04592] in [0622]; for the locust [0697] shall consume [02628] it.
³⁹ Thou shalt plant [05193] vineyards [03754], and dress [05647] them, but shalt neither drink [08354] of the wine [03196], nor gather [0103] the grapes; for the worms [08438] shall eat [0398] them.
⁴⁰ Thou shalt have olive trees [02132] throughout all thy coasts [01366], but thou shalt not anoint [05480] thyself with the oil [08081]; for thine olive [02132] shall cast [05394] his fruit.
⁴¹ Thou shalt beget [03205] sons [01121] and daughters [01323], but thou shalt not enjoy them; for they shall go [03212] into captivity [07628].
⁴² All thy trees [06086] and fruit [06529] of thy land [0127] shall the locust [06767] consume [03423].
⁴³ The stranger [01616] that is within [07130] thee shall get up [05927] above thee very [04605] high [04605]; and thou shalt come down [03381] very [04295] low [04295].
⁴⁴ He shall lend [03867] to thee, and thou shalt not lend [03867] to him: he shall be the head [07218], and thou shalt be the tail [02180].
⁴⁵ Moreover all these curses [07045] shall come [0935] upon thee, and shall pursue [07291] thee, and overtake [05381] thee, till thou be destroyed [08045]; because thou hearkenedst [08085] not unto the voice [06963] of the LORD [03068] thy God [0430], to keep [08104] his commandments [04687] and his statutes [02708] which he commanded [06680] thee:
⁴⁶ And they shall be upon thee for a sign [0226] and for a wonder [04159], and upon thy seed [02233] for [05704] ever [05769].
⁴⁷ Because thou servedst [05647] not the LORD [03068] thy God [0430] with joyfulness [08057], and with gladness [02898] of heart [03824], for the abundance [07230] of all things;
⁴⁸ Therefore shalt thou serve [05647] thine enemies [0341] which the LORD [03068] shall send [07971] against thee, in hunger [07458], and in thirst [06772], and in nakedness [05903], and in want [02640] of all things: and he shall put [05414] a yoke [05923] of iron [01270] upon thy neck [06677], until he have destroyed [08045] thee.

¹⁶ I also will do [06213] this unto you; I will even appoint [06485] over you terror [0928], consumption [07829], and the burning ague [06920], that shall consume [03615] the eyes [05869], and cause sorrow [01727] of heart [05315]: and ye shall sow [02232] your seed [02233] in vain [07385], for your enemies [0341] shall eat [0398] it.
¹⁷ And I will set [05414] my face [06440] against you, and ye shall be slain [05062] before [06440] your enemies [0341]: they that hate [08130] you shall reign [07287] over you; and ye shall flee [05127] when none pursueth [07291] you.
¹⁸ And if ye will not yet [05704] for all this hearken [08085] unto me, then I will punish [03256] you seven times [07651] more [03254] for your sins [02403].
¹⁹ And I will break [07665] the pride [01347] of your power [05797]; and I will make [05414] your heaven [08064] as iron [01270], and your earth [0776] as brass [05154]:
²⁰ And your strength [03581] shall be spent [08552] in vain [07385]: for your land [0776] shall not yield [05414] her increase [02981], neither shall the trees [06086] of the land [0776] yield [05414] their fruits [06529].
²¹ And if ye walk [03212] contrary [07147] unto me, and will [014] not hearken [08085] unto me; I will bring [03254] seven times [07651] more [03254] plagues [04347] upon you according to your sins [02403].
²² I will also send [07971] wild [07704] beasts [02416] among you, which shall rob you of your children [07921], and destroy [03772] your cattle [0929], and make you few in number [04591]; and your high ways [01870] shall be desolate [08074].
²³ And if ye will not be reformed [03256] by me by these things, but will walk [01980] contrary [07147] unto me;
²⁴ Then will I also walk [01980] contrary [07147] unto you, and will punish [05221] you yet [01571] seven times [07651] for your sins [02403].
²⁵ And I will bring [0935] a sword [02719] upon you, that shall avenge [05358] the quarrel [05359] of my covenant [01285]: and when ye are gathered together [0622] within [0413] your cities [05892], I will send [07971] the pestilence [01698] among [08432] you; and ye shall be delivered [05414] into the hand [03027] of the enemy [0341].

¹⁹ Arise [06965], cry out [07442] in the night [03915]: in the beginning [07218] of the watches [0821] pour out [08210] thine heart [03820] like water [04325] before [05227] the face [06440] of the Lord [0136]: lift up [05375] thy hands [03709] toward him for the life [05315] of thy young children [05768], that faint [05848] for hunger [07458] in the top [07218] of every street [02351].

¹¹ Mine eyes [05869] do fail [03615] with tears [01832], my bowels [04578] are troubled [02560], my liver [03516] is poured [08210] upon the earth [0776], for the destruction [07667] of the daughter [01323] of my people [05971]; because the children [05768] and the sucklings [03243] swoon [05848] in the streets [07339] of the city [07151].

⁵ My soul [05315] shall be satisfied [07646] as with marrow [02459] and fatness [01880]; and my mouth [06310] shall praise [01984] thee with joyful [07445] lips [08193]:

² Hear [08085] the voice [06963] of my supplications [08469], when I cry [07768] unto thee, when I lift up [05375] my hands [03027] toward thy holy [06944] oracle [01687].

⁷ Because thou hast been my help [05833], therefore in the shadow [06738] of thy wings [03671] will I rejoice [07442].

¹⁹ So Gideon [01439], and the hundred [03967] men [0376] that were with him, came [0935] unto the outside [07097] of the camp [04264] in the beginning [07218] of the middle [08484] watch [0821]; and they had but [0389] newly [06965] set [06965] the watch [08104]: and they blew [08628] the trumpets [07782], and brake [05310] the pitchers [03537] that were in their hands [03027].

¹⁷ Therefore thou shalt say [0559] this word [01697] unto them; Let mine eyes [05869] run down [03381] with tears [01832] night [03915] and day [03119], and let them not cease [01820]: for the virgin [01330] daughter [01323] of my people [05971] is broken [07665] with a great [01419] breach [07667], with a very [03966] grievous [02470] blow [04347].

⁶ O [01945] thou sword [02719] of the LORD [03068], how long will it be ere [03808] thou be quiet [08252]? put up [0622] thyself into thy scabbard [08593], rest [07280], and be still [01826].

⁸ Keep [08104] me as the apple [0380] of the eye [01323] [05869], hide [05641] me under the shadow [06738] of thy wings [03671],

³ I remembered [02142] God [0430], and was troubled [01993]: I complained [07878], and my spirit [07307] was overwhelmed [05848]. Selah [05542].

²⁶ And after [0310] that came [03318] his brother [0251] out [03318], and his hand [03027] took hold [0270] on Esau's [06215] heel [06119]; and his name [08034] was called [07121] Jacob [03290]: and Isaac [03327] was threescore [08346] years [08141] old [01121] when she bare [03205] them.

⁴⁹ Mine eye [05869] trickleth down [05064], and ceaseth [01820] not, without any intermission [02014],

³¹ Howl [03213], O gate [08179]; cry [02199], O city [05892]; thou, whole Palestina [06429], art dissolved [04127]: for there shall come [0935] from the north [06828] a smoke [06227], and none shall be alone [0909] in his appointed times [04151].

⁸ The LORD [03068] hath purposed [02803] to destroy [07843] the wall [02346] of the daughter [01323] of Zion [06726]: he hath stretched out [05186] a line [06957], he hath not withdrawn [07725] his hand [03027] from destroying [01104]: therefore he made the rampart [02426] and the wall [02346] to lament [056]; they languished [0535] together [03162].

¹⁷ The LORD [03068] hath done [06213] that which he had devised [02161]; he hath fulfilled [01214] his word [0565] that he had commanded [06680] in the days [03117] of old [06924]: he hath thrown down [02040], and hath not pitied [02550]: and he hath caused thine enemy [0341] to rejoice [08055] over thee, he hath set up [07311] the horn [07161] of thine adversaries [06862].

¹⁸ Their heart [03820] cried [06817] unto the Lord [0136], O wall [02346] of the daughter [01323] of Zion [06726], let tears [01832] run down [03381] like a river [05158] day [03119] and night [03915]: give [05414] thyself no rest [06314]; let not the apple [01323] of thine eye [05869] cease [01826].

⁵ Lift not up [07311] your horn [07161] on high [04791]: speak [01696] not with a stiff [06277] neck [06677].

¹ Then came [0935] David [01732] to Nob [05011] to Ahimelech [0288] the priest [03548]: and Ahimelech [0288] was afraid [02729] at the meeting [07125] of David [01732], and said [0559] unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man [0376] with thee?

⁴³ Thou hast also turned [07725] the edge [06697] of his sword [02719], and hast not made him to stand [06965] in the battle [04421].

²⁸ For this shall the earth [0776] mourn [056], and the heavens [08064] above [04605] be black [06937]: because I have spoken [01696] it, I have purposed [02161] it, and will not repent [05162], neither will I turn back [07725] from it.

¹⁵ But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken [08085] unto the voice [06963] of the LORD [03068] thy God [0430], to observe [08104] to do [06213] all his commandments [04687] and his statutes [02708] which I command [06680] thee this day [03117]; that all these curses [07045] shall come [0935] upon thee, and overtake [05381] thee:

²³ And if ye will not be reformed [03256] by me by these things, but will walk [01980] contrary [07147] unto me;

⁹ The hands [03027] of Zerubbabel [02216] have laid the foundation [03245] of this house [01004]; his hands [03027] shall also finish [01214] it; and thou shalt know [03045] that the LORD [03068] of hosts [06635] hath sent [07971] me unto you.

¹² Wherefore it shall come to pass, that when the Lord [0136] hath performed [01214] his whole work [04639] upon mount [02022] Zion [06726] and on Jerusalem [03389], I will punish [06485] the fruit [06529] of the stout [01433] heart [03824] of the king [04428] of Assyria [0804], and the glory [08597] of his high [07312] looks [05869].

⁶ But my words [01697] and my statutes [02706], which I commanded [06680] my servants [05650] the prophets [05030], did they not take hold [05381] of your fathers [01]? and they returned [07725] and said [0559], Like as the LORD [03068] of hosts [06635] thought [02161] to do [06213] unto us, according to our ways [01870], and according to our doings [04611], so hath he dealt [06213] with us.