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Selected Verse: Jeremiah 49:23 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Jer 49:23	Strong Concordance	Concerning Damascus [01834]. Hamath [02574] is confounded [0954], and Arpad [0774]: for they have heard [08085] evil [07451] tidings [08052]: they are fainthearted [04127]; there is sorrow [01674] on the sea [03220]; it cannot [03201] be quiet [08252].
	King James	Concerning Damascus. Hamath is confounded, and Arpad: for they have heard evil tidings: they are fainthearted; there is sorrow on the sea; it cannot be quiet.

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
Prophecy as to Damascus, &c. (Isa 17:1; Isa 10:9). The kingdom of Damascus was destroyed by Assyria, but the city revived, and it is as to the latter Jeremiah now prophesies. The fulfilment was probably about five years after the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 10.9,7]. Hamath is confounded--at the tidings of the overthrow of the neighboring Damascus. on the sea--that is, at the sea; the dwellers there are alarmed. Other manuscripts read, "like the sea." "There is anxiety (restless) as is the sea: they cannot quiet it," that is, it cannot be quieted (Isa 57:20). it--Whatever dwellers are there "cannot be quiet."

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

Prophecy as to Damascus, &c. (Isa 17:1; Isa 10:9). The kingdom of Damascus was destroyed by Assyria, but the city revived, and it is as to the latter Jeremiah now prophesies. The fulfilment was probably about five years after the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 10.9,7].

Hamath is confounded--at the tidings of the overthrow of the neighboring Damascus.

on the sea--that is, at the sea; the dwellers there are alarmed. Other manuscripts read, "like the sea." "There is anxiety (restless) as is the sea: they cannot quiet it," that is, it cannot be quieted (Isa 57:20).

it--Whatever dwellers are there "cannot be quiet."

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
Though the superscription is confined to Damascus, the prophecy relates to the whole of Aram, called by us Syria, which was divided into two parts, the northern, of which Hamath was the capital, and the southeastern, belonging to Damascus. Hamath is confounded - Or, is ashamed. For Hamath see Isa 10:9 note. Arpad lay about fourteen miles north of Aleppo, at a place now called Tel Erfad. Fainthearted - The sinews are relaxed unknit, through terror. There is sorrow on the sea - In the sea. As the sea is used (marginal reference) of the agitation of the thoughts of evil men, its sense here also probably is, there is sorrow, or rather anxiety, in the agitated hearts of the Syrians.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
Concerning Damascus. - Aram, on this side of the Euphrates, or Syria, was divided, in the times of Saul and David, into the kingdoms of Damascus, Zobah, and Hamath, of which the second, extending between Damascus and Hamath (see on Sa2 8:3), or situated north-eastward from Damascus, between the Orontes and the Euphrates, was the most powerful; its kings were defeated by Saul (Sa1 14:47), and afterwards conquered and made tributary to the kingdom of Israel by David, who did the same to the Syrians of Damascus that had come to the assistance of Hadadezer king of Zobah (2 Sam 8 and 10). After the death of David and during the time of Solomon, a freebooter named Rezon, who had broken away from Hadadezer during the war, established himself in Damascus (see on Kg1 11:23-25), and became the founder of a dynasty which afterwards made vassals of all the smaller kings of Syria, whose number is given Kg1 20:1. This dynasty also, under the powerful rulers Benhadad I and II and Hazael, long pressed hard on the kingdom of Israel, and conquered a great part of the Israelite territory (Kg1 15:18., Jer 20:1., Jer 22:3.; Kg2 5:1., Jer 6:8., 8:28f., 10:32f., 12:18ff., Jer 13:3.). At last, King Joash, after the death of Hazael, succeeded in retaking the conquered cities from his son, Benhadad III (Kg2 13:19.); and Jeroboam II was able to restore the ancient frontiers of Israel as far as Hamath (Kg2 14:25). Some decades alter, Rezin king of Damascus, in alliance with Pekah of Israel, undertook a war of conquest against Judah during the time of Ahaz, who therefore called to his aid the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser. This monarch conquered Damascus, and put an end to the Syrian kingdom, by carrying away the people to Kir (Kg2 15:37; Kg2 16:5-9). This kingdom of Syria is called "Damascus" in the prophets, after its capital. We find threats of destruction and ruin pronounced against it even by such early prophets as Amos (Amo 1:3-5), for its cruelty committed against Israel, and Isaiah (Isa 17:1.), because of its having combined with Israel to destroy Judah. According to the use of language just referred to, "Damascus," mentioned in the heading of this prophecy, is not the city, but the kingdom of Syria, which has been named after its capital, and to which, besides Damascus, belonged the powerful cities of Hamath and Arpad, wxich formerly had kings of their own (Isa 37:13). Jeremiah does not mention any special offence. In the judgment to come on all nations, Aram-Damascus cannot remain exempt. Jer 49:23 "Hamath is ashamed, and Arpad, for they have heard evil tidings: they despair; there is trouble on the sea; no one can rest. Jer 49:24. Damascus has become discouraged, she has turned to flee: terror has seized her; distress and pains have laid hold on her, like a woman in childbirth. Jer 49:25. How is the city of praise not left, the city of my delight? Jer 49:26. Therefore shall her young men fall in her streets, and all the man of war shall be silent in that day, saith Jahveh of hosts. Jer 49:27. And I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus, and it shall devour the palaces of Benhadad." The largest cities of Aram are seized with consternation and discouragement. Damascus would flee, but its men of war fall by the sword of the enemy, and the city is in flames. The description of the terror which overpowers the inhabitants of Aram begins with Hamath (Epiphaneia of the Greeks, now called Hamah), which lies north from Hums (Emesa), on the Orontes (el 'Asi); see on Gen 10:17 and Num 34:8. Arpad is always mentioned in connection with Hamath (Isa 10:9; Isa 36:19; Isa 37:13; Kg2 18:34 and Kg2 19:13): in the list of Assyrian synonyms published by Oppert and Schrader, it is sounded Arpadda; and judging by the name, it still remains in the large village of Arfd, mentioned by Maras., about fifteen miles north from Haleb (Aleppo); see on Kg2 18:34. The bad news which Hamath and Arpad have heard is about the approach of a hostile army. "She is ashamed," i.e., disappointed in her hope and trust (cf. Jer 17:13), with the accessory idea of being confounded. נמוג, to be fainthearted from fear and anxiety; cf. Jos 2:9, Jos 2:24; Exo 15:15, etc. There is a difficulty with the expression בּים, from the mention of the sea. Ewald has therefore invented a new word, בּי, which is stated to signify mind, heart; and he translates, "their heart is in trouble." Graf very rightly remarks, against this, that there was no occasion whatever for the employment of a word which occurs nowhere else. The simplest explanation is that of J. D. Michaelis, Rosenmller, and Maurer: "on the sea," i.e., onwards to the sea, "anxiety prevails." The objection of Graf, that on this view there is no nominative to יוּכל, cannot make this explanation doubtful, because the subject (Ger. man, Fr. on, Eng. people, they) is easily obtained from the context. The words השׁקט לא יוּכל form a reminiscence from Isa 57:20, where they are used of the sea when stirred up, to which the wicked are compared. But it does not follow from this that the words are to be understood in this passage also of the sea, and to be translated accordingly: "in the sea there is no rest," i.e., the sea itself is in ceaseless motion (Hitzig); or with a change of בּים into כּים, "there is a tumult like the sea, which cannot keep quiet" (Graf). As little warrant is there for concluding, from passages like Jer 17:12., where the surging of the Assyrian power is compared to the roaring of the waves of the sea, that the unrest of the inhabitants of Syria, who are in a state of anxious solicitude, is here compared to the restless surging and roaring of the sea (Umbreit). For such a purpose, דּאגה, "concern, solicitude," is much too weak, or rather inappropriate. Jer 49:24-26 רפתה דמּשׁק, "Damascus has become slack," i.e., discouraged; she turns to flee, and cannot escape, being seized with trembling and anxiety. החזיקה is not the third pers. fem., prehendit terrorem, but stands for החזיקהּ, with Mappik omitted, because the tone is retracted in consequence of the Athnach; cf. Jer 6:24; Jer 8:21, etc. "Terror has seized Damascus." In the last clause וחבלים is subsumed along with צרה; hence the verb is put in the singular. - Jer 49:25. The question, "How is not," etc., has been differently explained. Eichhorn, Gesenius, Ewald, and Umbreit take the words according to the German usage, in the sense, "How is the city forsaken?" or laid waste. But this Germanism is foreign to the Hebrew; and it is not obviated by C. B. Michaelis taking "how" in the sense of quam inopinato et quam horribiliter non deserta est, so that the words would mean nullus est modus desertionis aut gradus quem Damascus non sit experta, because איך לא does not express the kind and manner, or the degree of an action. In the only other passage where איך לא occurs (Sa2 1:14) the negative has its full meaning. Others (Calvin, Schnurrer, J. D. Michaelis, Rosenmller, Maurer) take עזב in the sense of leaving free, untouched: "How has she not been left untouched?" i.e., been spared. But this meaning of the verb is nowhere found. There is no other course left than, with Ngelsbach, to take the verb as referring to the desertion of the city through the flight of the inhabitants, as in Jer 4:29, etc., and to take the words thus: "How is (i.e., how has it happened that) the famous city (is) not forsaken?" According to this view, it is not the desolation of the city that is bewailed, but the fact that the inhabitants have not saved their lives by flight. The way is prepared for this thought by Jer 49:24, where it is said that the inhabitants of Damascus wish to flee, but are seized with convulsive terror; in Jer 49:25 also there is a more specific reason given for it, where it is stated that the youths (the young warriors) and all the men of war shall fall in the streets of the city, and be slain by foes. The suffix in "my delight" refers to the prophet, and expresses his sympathy for the fall of the glorious city (see on Jer 48:31); because not only does its population perish, but the city itself also (Jer 49:27) is to be burned to ashes. Jer 49:27 Jer 49:27 has been imitated from Amo 1:4 and Jer 49:14 conjointly. בּחמת, not "on," but "in," i.e., "within the wall." "The palaces of Benhadad" are the palaces of the Syrian kings generally, because three kings of Damascus bore this name. The fulfilment of this threat cannot be proved historically, from want of information. Since Pharaoh-Necho had conquered Syria as far as the Euphrates, it is very possible that, after the defeat of the Egyptians at Carchemish, in the conquest of Syria by Nebuchadnezzar, Damascus was harshly treated. The prophecy is, however, so general in its statement, that we need not confine its fulfilment to the conquest by Nebuchadnezzar.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

Concerning Damascus. - Aram, on this side of the Euphrates, or Syria, was divided, in the times of Saul and David, into the kingdoms of Damascus, Zobah, and Hamath, of which the second, extending between Damascus and Hamath (see on Sa2 8:3), or situated north-eastward from Damascus, between the Orontes and the Euphrates, was the most powerful; its kings were defeated by Saul (Sa1 14:47), and afterwards conquered and made tributary to the kingdom of Israel by David, who did the same to the Syrians of Damascus that had come to the assistance of Hadadezer king of Zobah (2 Sam 8 and 10). After the death of David and during the time of Solomon, a freebooter named Rezon, who had broken away from Hadadezer during the war, established himself in Damascus (see on Kg1 11:23-25), and became the founder of a dynasty which afterwards made vassals of all the smaller kings of Syria, whose number is given Kg1 20:1. This dynasty also, under the powerful rulers Benhadad I and II and Hazael, long pressed hard on the kingdom of Israel, and conquered a great part of the Israelite territory (Kg1 15:18., Jer 20:1., Jer 22:3.; Kg2 5:1., Jer 6:8., 8:28f., 10:32f., 12:18ff., Jer 13:3.). At last, King Joash, after the death of Hazael, succeeded in retaking the conquered cities from his son, Benhadad III (Kg2 13:19.); and Jeroboam II was able to restore the ancient frontiers of Israel as far as Hamath (Kg2 14:25). Some decades alter, Rezin king of Damascus, in alliance with Pekah of Israel, undertook a war of conquest against Judah during the time of Ahaz, who therefore called to his aid the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser. This monarch conquered Damascus, and put an end to the Syrian kingdom, by carrying away the people to Kir (Kg2 15:37; Kg2 16:5-9). This kingdom of Syria is called "Damascus" in the prophets, after its capital. We find threats of destruction and ruin pronounced against it even by such early prophets as Amos (Amo 1:3-5), for its cruelty committed against Israel, and Isaiah (Isa 17:1.), because of its having combined with Israel to destroy Judah. According to the use of language just referred to, "Damascus," mentioned in the heading of this prophecy, is not the city, but the kingdom of Syria, which has been named after its capital, and to which, besides Damascus, belonged the powerful cities of Hamath and Arpad, wxich formerly had kings of their own (Isa 37:13). Jeremiah does not mention any special offence. In the judgment to come on all nations, Aram-Damascus cannot remain exempt.

Jer 49:23

"Hamath is ashamed, and Arpad, for they have heard evil tidings: they despair; there is trouble on the sea; no one can rest. Jer 49:24. Damascus has become discouraged, she has turned to flee: terror has seized her; distress and pains have laid hold on her, like a woman in childbirth. Jer 49:25. How is the city of praise not left, the city of my delight? Jer 49:26. Therefore shall her young men fall in her streets, and all the man of war shall be silent in that day, saith Jahveh of hosts. Jer 49:27. And I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus, and it shall devour the palaces of Benhadad."

The largest cities of Aram are seized with consternation and discouragement. Damascus would flee, but its men of war fall by the sword of the enemy, and the city is in flames. The description of the terror which overpowers the inhabitants of Aram begins with Hamath (Epiphaneia of the Greeks, now called Hamah), which lies north from Hums (Emesa), on the Orontes (el 'Asi); see on Gen 10:17 and Num 34:8. Arpad is always mentioned in connection with Hamath (Isa 10:9; Isa 36:19; Isa 37:13; Kg2 18:34 and Kg2 19:13): in the list of Assyrian synonyms published by Oppert and Schrader, it is sounded Arpadda; and judging by the name, it still remains in the large village of Arfd, mentioned by Maras., about fifteen miles north from Haleb (Aleppo); see on Kg2 18:34. The bad news which Hamath and Arpad have heard is about the approach of a hostile army. "She is ashamed," i.e., disappointed in her hope and trust (cf. Jer 17:13), with the accessory idea of being confounded. נמוג, to be fainthearted from fear and anxiety; cf. Jos 2:9, Jos 2:24; Exo 15:15, etc. There is a difficulty with the expression בּים, from the mention of the sea. Ewald has therefore invented a new word, בּי, which is stated to signify mind, heart; and he translates, "their heart is in trouble." Graf very rightly remarks, against this, that there was no occasion whatever for the employment of a word which occurs nowhere else. The simplest explanation is that of J. D. Michaelis, Rosenmller, and Maurer: "on the sea," i.e., onwards to the sea, "anxiety prevails." The objection of Graf, that on this view there is no nominative to יוּכל, cannot make this explanation doubtful, because the subject (Ger. man, Fr. on, Eng. people, they) is easily obtained from the context. The words השׁקט לא יוּכל form a reminiscence from Isa 57:20, where they are used of the sea when stirred up, to which the wicked are compared. But it does not follow from this that the words are to be understood in this passage also of the sea, and to be translated accordingly: "in the sea there is no rest," i.e., the sea itself is in ceaseless motion (Hitzig); or with a change of בּים into כּים, "there is a tumult like the sea, which cannot keep quiet" (Graf). As little warrant is there for concluding, from passages like Jer 17:12., where the surging of the Assyrian power is compared to the roaring of the waves of the sea, that the unrest of the inhabitants of Syria, who are in a state of anxious solicitude, is here compared to the restless surging and roaring of the sea (Umbreit). For such a purpose, דּאגה, "concern, solicitude," is much too weak, or rather inappropriate.

Jer 49:24-26

רפתה דמּשׁק, "Damascus has become slack," i.e., discouraged; she turns to flee, and cannot escape, being seized with trembling and anxiety. החזיקה is not the third pers. fem., prehendit terrorem, but stands for החזיקהּ, with Mappik omitted, because the tone is retracted in consequence of the Athnach; cf. Jer 6:24; Jer 8:21, etc. "Terror has seized Damascus." In the last clause וחבלים is subsumed along with צרה; hence the verb is put in the singular. - Jer 49:25. The question, "How is not," etc., has been differently explained. Eichhorn, Gesenius, Ewald, and Umbreit take the words according to the German usage, in the sense, "How is the city forsaken?" or laid waste. But this Germanism is foreign to the Hebrew; and it is not obviated by C. B. Michaelis taking "how" in the sense of quam inopinato et quam horribiliter non deserta est, so that the words would mean nullus est modus desertionis aut gradus quem Damascus non sit experta, because איך לא does not express the kind and manner, or the degree of an action. In the only other passage where איך לא occurs (Sa2 1:14) the negative has its full meaning. Others (Calvin, Schnurrer, J. D. Michaelis, Rosenmller, Maurer) take עזב in the sense of leaving free, untouched: "How has she not been left untouched?" i.e., been spared. But this meaning of the verb is nowhere found. There is no other course left than, with Ngelsbach, to take the verb as referring to the desertion of the city through the flight of the inhabitants, as in Jer 4:29, etc., and to take the words thus: "How is (i.e., how has it happened that) the famous city (is) not forsaken?" According to this view, it is not the desolation of the city that is bewailed, but the fact that the inhabitants have not saved their lives by flight. The way is prepared for this thought by Jer 49:24, where it is said that the inhabitants of Damascus wish to flee, but are seized with convulsive terror; in Jer 49:25 also there is a more specific reason given for it, where it is stated that the youths (the young warriors) and all the men of war shall fall in the streets of the city, and be slain by foes. The suffix in "my delight" refers to the prophet, and expresses his sympathy for the fall of the glorious city (see on Jer 48:31); because not only does its population perish, but the city itself also (Jer 49:27) is to be burned to ashes.

Jer 49:27

Jer 49:27 has been imitated from Amo 1:4 and Jer 49:14 conjointly. בּחמת, not "on," but "in," i.e., "within the wall." "The palaces of Benhadad" are the palaces of the Syrian kings generally, because three kings of Damascus bore this name.

The fulfilment of this threat cannot be proved historically, from want of information. Since Pharaoh-Necho had conquered Syria as far as the Euphrates, it is very possible that, after the defeat of the Egyptians at Carchemish, in the conquest of Syria by Nebuchadnezzar, Damascus was harshly treated. The prophecy is, however, so general in its statement, that we need not confine its fulfilment to the conquest by Nebuchadnezzar.

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
Damascus - Being the head of this country, is put for the whole country. Hamath - Hamath and Arpad were two cities also of Syria. On the sea - Their inhabitants that live near the sea shall be troubled.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
Concerning Damascus - This is the head or title of another prophecy. Damascus was one of the principal cities of Syria. It was taken by David, Sa2 8:6, was retaken in the reign of Solomon, Kg1 11:24, etc., and regained its independence. Its kings were often at war with the ten tribes, and once it joined with them for the destruction of Judah. To defend himself against these powerful enemies Ahaz made a league with the king of Assyria, who besieged Damascus, took, and demolished it. From that time we hear nothing of Damascus till we meet with it in this prophecy. It appears to have been rebuilt and restored to some consequence. It made an obstinate resistance to Nebuchadnezzar; but was at last taken and sacked by him. At present it is both a large and populous city, with considerable commerce. Hamath is confounded - This is a city of Syria, on the Orontes. The Greeks called it Epiphania. Arpad - Not far from Damascus. Sorrow on the sea - They are like the troubled sea, that cannot rest.

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²⁰ But the wicked [07563] are like the troubled [01644] sea [03220], when it cannot [03201] rest [08252], whose waters [04325] cast up [01644] mire [07516] and dirt [02916].

⁹ Is not Calno [03641] as Carchemish [03751]? is not Hamath [02574] as Arpad [0774]? is not Samaria [08111] as Damascus [01834]?

¹ The burden [04853] of Damascus [01834]. Behold, Damascus [01834] is taken away [05493] from being a city [05892], and it shall be a ruinous [04654] heap [04596].

⁹ Is not Calno [03641] as Carchemish [03751]? is not Hamath [02574] as Arpad [0774]? is not Samaria [08111] as Damascus [01834]?

¹⁴ I have heard [08085] a rumour [08052] from the LORD [03068], and an ambassador [06735] is sent [07971] unto the heathen [01471], saying, Gather ye together [06908], and come [0935] against her, and rise up [06965] to the battle [04421].

⁴ But I will send [07971] a fire [0784] into the house [01004] of Hazael [02371], which shall devour [0398] the palaces [0759] of Benhadad [01130].

²⁷ And I will kindle [03341] a fire [0784] in the wall [02346] of Damascus [01834], and it shall consume [0398] the palaces [0759] of Benhadad [01130].

³¹ Therefore will I howl [03213] for Moab [04124], and I will cry out [02199] for all Moab [04124]; mine heart shall mourn [01897] for the men [0582] of Kirheres [07025].

²⁵ How is the city [05892] of praise [08416] not left [05800], the city [07151] of my joy [04885]!

²⁹ The whole city [05892] shall flee [01272] for the noise [06963] of the horsemen [06571] and bowmen [07198] [07411]; they shall go [0935] into thickets [05645], and climb up [05927] upon the rocks [03710]: every city [05892] shall be forsaken [05800], and not a man [0376] dwell [03427] therein [02004].

¹⁴ And David [01732] said [0559] unto him, How wast thou not afraid [03372] to stretch forth [07971] thine hand [03027] to destroy [07843] the LORD'S [03068] anointed [04899]?

²⁵ How is the city [05892] of praise [08416] not left [05800], the city [07151] of my joy [04885]!

²¹ For the hurt [07667] of the daughter [01323] of my people [05971] am I hurt [07665]; I am black [06937]; astonishment [08047] hath taken hold [02388] on me.

²⁴ We have heard [08085] the fame [08089] thereof: our hands [03027] wax feeble [07503]: anguish [06869] hath taken hold [02388] of us, and pain [02427], as of a woman in travail [03205].

²⁴ Damascus [01834] is waxed feeble [07503], and turneth [06437] herself to flee [05127], and fear [07374] hath seized [02388] on her: anguish [06869] and sorrows [02256] have taken [0270] her, as a woman in travail [03205].
²⁵ How is the city [05892] of praise [08416] not left [05800], the city [07151] of my joy [04885]!
²⁶ Therefore her young men [0970] shall fall [05307] in her streets [07339], and all the men [0582] of war [04421] shall be cut off [01826] in that day [03117], saith [05002] the LORD [03068] of hosts [06635].

¹² A glorious [03519] high [04791] throne [03678] from the beginning [07223] is the place [04725] of our sanctuary [04720].

²⁰ But the wicked [07563] are like the troubled [01644] sea [03220], when it cannot [03201] rest [08252], whose waters [04325] cast up [01644] mire [07516] and dirt [02916].

¹⁵ Then [0227] the dukes [0441] of Edom [0123] shall be amazed [0926]; the mighty men [0352] of Moab [04124], trembling [07461] shall take hold [0270] upon them; all the inhabitants [03427] of Canaan [03667] shall melt away [04127].

²⁴ And they said [0559] unto Joshua [03091], Truly [03588] the LORD [03068] hath delivered [05414] into our hands [03027] all the land [0776]; for even all the inhabitants [03427] of the country [0776] do faint [04127] because [06440] of us.

⁹ And she said [0559] unto the men [0582], I know [03045] that the LORD [03068] hath given [05414] you the land [0776], and that your terror [0367] is fallen [05307] upon us, and that all the inhabitants [03427] of the land [0776] faint [04127] because [06440] of you.

¹³ O LORD [03068], the hope [04723] of Israel [03478], all that forsake [05800] thee shall be ashamed [0954], and they that depart [03249] from me [05493] shall be written [03789] in the earth [0776], because they have forsaken [05800] the LORD [03068], the fountain [04726] of living [02416] waters [04325].

³⁴ Where are the gods [0430] of Hamath [02574], and of Arpad [0774]? where are the gods [0430] of Sepharvaim [05617], Hena [02012], and Ivah [05755]? have they delivered [05337] Samaria [08111] out of mine hand [03027]?

¹³ Where is the king [04428] of Hamath [02574], and the king [04428] of Arpad [0774], and the king [04428] of the city [05892] of Sepharvaim [05617], of Hena [02012], and Ivah [05755]?

¹³ Where is the king [04428] of Hamath [02574], and the king [04428] of Arphad [0774], and the king [04428] of the city [05892] of Sepharvaim [05617], Hena [02012], and Ivah [05755]?

¹⁹ Where are the gods [0430] of Hamath [02574] and Arphad [0774]? where are the gods [0430] of Sepharvaim [05617]? and have they delivered [05337] Samaria [08111] out of my hand [03027]?

⁹ Is not Calno [03641] as Carchemish [03751]? is not Hamath [02574] as Arpad [0774]? is not Samaria [08111] as Damascus [01834]?

⁸ From mount [02022] Hor [02023] ye shall point out [08376] your border unto the entrance [0935] of Hamath [02574]; and the goings forth [08444] of the border [01366] shall be to Zedad [06657]:

¹⁷ And the Hivite [02340], and the Arkite [06208], and the Sinite [05513],

²⁷ And I will kindle [03341] a fire [0784] in the wall [02346] of Damascus [01834], and it shall consume [0398] the palaces [0759] of Benhadad [01130].

²⁶ Therefore her young men [0970] shall fall [05307] in her streets [07339], and all the men [0582] of war [04421] shall be cut off [01826] in that day [03117], saith [05002] the LORD [03068] of hosts [06635].

²⁵ How is the city [05892] of praise [08416] not left [05800], the city [07151] of my joy [04885]!

²³ Concerning Damascus [01834]. Hamath [02574] is confounded [0954], and Arpad [0774]: for they have heard [08085] evil [07451] tidings [08052]: they are fainthearted [04127]; there is sorrow [01674] on the sea [03220]; it cannot [03201] be quiet [08252].

¹³ Where is the king [04428] of Hamath [02574], and the king [04428] of Arphad [0774], and the king [04428] of the city [05892] of Sepharvaim [05617], Hena [02012], and Ivah [05755]?

¹ The burden [04853] of Damascus [01834]. Behold, Damascus [01834] is taken away [05493] from being a city [05892], and it shall be a ruinous [04654] heap [04596].

³ Thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068]; For three [07969] transgressions [06588] of Damascus [01834], and for four [0702], I will not turn away [07725] the punishment thereof; because they have threshed [01758] Gilead [01568] with threshing instruments [02742] of iron [01270]:
⁴ But I will send [07971] a fire [0784] into the house [01004] of Hazael [02371], which shall devour [0398] the palaces [0759] of Benhadad [01130].
⁵ I will break [07665] also the bar [01280] of Damascus [01834], and cut off [03772] the inhabitant [03427] from the plain [01237] of Aven [0206], and him that holdeth [08551] the sceptre [07626] from the house [01004] of Eden [05731] [01040]: and the people [05971] of Syria [0758] shall go into captivity [01540] unto Kir [07024], saith [0559] the LORD [03068].

⁵ Then Rezin [07526] king [04428] of Syria [0758] and Pekah [06492] son [01121] of Remaliah [07425] king [04428] of Israel [03478] came up [05927] to Jerusalem [03389] to war [04421]: and they besieged [06696] Ahaz [0271], but could [03201] not overcome [03898] him.
⁶ At that time [06256] Rezin [07526] king [04428] of Syria [0758] recovered [07725] Elath [0359] to Syria [0758] [0130], and drave [05394] the Jews [03064] from Elath [0359]: and the Syrians [0726] came [0935] to Elath [0359], and dwelt [03427] there unto this day [03117].
⁷ So Ahaz [0271] sent [07971] messengers [04397] to Tiglathpileser [08407] king [04428] of Assyria [0804], saying [0559], I am thy servant [05650] and thy son [01121]: come up [05927], and save [03467] me out of the hand [03709] of the king [04428] of Syria [0758], and out of the hand [03709] of the king [04428] of Israel [03478], which rise up [06965] against me.
⁸ And Ahaz [0271] took [03947] the silver [03701] and gold [02091] that was found [04672] in the house [01004] of the LORD [03068], and in the treasures [0214] of the king's [04428] house [01004], and sent [07971] it for a present [07810] to the king [04428] of Assyria [0804].
⁹ And the king [04428] of Assyria [0804] hearkened [08085] unto him: for the king [04428] of Assyria [0804] went up [05927] against Damascus [01834], and took [08610] it, and carried the people of it captive [01540] to Kir [07024], and slew [04191] Rezin [07526].

³⁷ In those days [03117] the LORD [03068] began [02490] to send [07971] against Judah [03063] Rezin [07526] the king [04428] of Syria [0758], and Pekah [06492] the son [01121] of Remaliah [07425].

²⁵ He restored [07725] the coast [01366] of Israel [03478] from the entering [0935] of Hamath [02574] unto the sea [03220] of the plain [06160], according to the word [01697] of the LORD [03068] God [0430] of Israel [03478], which he spake [01696] by the hand [03027] of his servant [05650] Jonah [03124], the son [01121] of Amittai [0573], the prophet [05030], which was of Gathhepher [01662].

¹⁹ And the man [0376] of God [0430] was wroth [07107] with him, and said [0559], Thou shouldest have smitten [05221] five [02568] or six [08337] times [06471]; then hadst thou smitten [05221] Syria [0758] till thou hadst consumed [03615] it: whereas now thou shalt smite [05221] Syria [0758] but thrice [07969] [06471].

³ And the word [01697] of the LORD [03068] came unto me the second time [08145], saying [0559],

⁸ Be thou instructed [03256], O Jerusalem [03389], lest my soul [05315] depart [03363] from thee; lest I make [07760] thee desolate [08077], a land [0776] not inhabited [03427].

¹ Now Naaman [05283], captain [08269] of the host [06635] of the king [04428] of Syria [0758], was a great [01419] man [0376] with [06440] his master [0113], and honourable [05375], because by him the LORD [03068] had given [05414] deliverance [08668] unto Syria [0758]: he was also a mighty [01368] man [0376] in valour [02428], but he was a leper [06879].

³ Thus saith [0559] the LORD [03068]; Execute [06213] ye judgment [04941] and righteousness [06666], and deliver [05337] the spoiled [01497] out of the hand [03027] of the oppressor [06216]: and do no wrong [03238], do no violence [02554] to the stranger [01616], the fatherless [03490], nor the widow [0490], neither shed [08210] innocent [05355] blood [01818] in this place [04725].

¹ Now Pashur [06583] the son [01121] of Immer [0564] the priest [03548], who was also chief [06496] governor [05057] in the house [01004] of the LORD [03068], heard [08085] that Jeremiah [03414] prophesied [05012] these things [01697].

¹⁸ Then Asa [0609] took [03947] all the silver [03701] and the gold [02091] that were left [03498] in the treasures [0214] of the house [01004] of the LORD [03068], and the treasures [0214] of the king's [04428] house [01004], and delivered [05414] them into the hand [03027] of his servants [05650]: and king [04428] Asa [0609] sent [07971] them to Benhadad [01130], the son [01121] of Tabrimon [02886], the son [01121] of Hezion [02383], king [04428] of Syria [0758], that dwelt [03427] at Damascus [01834], saying [0559],

¹ And Benhadad [01130] the king [04428] of Syria [0758] gathered [06908] all his host [02428] together [06908]: and there were thirty [07970] and two [08147] kings [04428] with him, and horses [05483], and chariots [07393]: and he went up [05927] and besieged [06696] Samaria [08111], and warred [03898] against it.

²³ And God [0430] stirred him up [06965] another adversary [07854], Rezon [07331] the son [01121] of Eliadah [0450], which fled [01272] from his lord [0113] Hadadezer [01909] king [04428] of Zobah [06678]:
²⁴ And he gathered [06908] men [0582] unto him, and became captain [08269] over a band [01416], when David [01732] slew [02026] them of Zobah: and they went [03212] to Damascus [01834], and dwelt [03427] therein, and reigned [04427] in Damascus [01834].
²⁵ And he was an adversary [07854] to Israel [03478] all the days [03117] of Solomon [08010], beside the mischief [07451] that Hadad [01908] did: and he abhorred [06973] Israel [03478], and reigned [04427] over Syria [0758].

⁴⁷ So Saul [07586] took [03920] the kingdom [04410] over Israel [03478], and fought [03898] against all his enemies [0341] on every side [05439], against Moab [04124], and against the children [01121] of Ammon [05983], and against Edom [0123], and against the kings [04428] of Zobah [06678], and against the Philistines [06430]: and whithersoever he turned [06437] himself, he vexed [07561] them.

³ David [01732] smote [05221] also Hadadezer [01909], the son [01121] of Rehob [07340], king [04428] of Zobah [06678], as he went [03212] to recover [07725] his border [03027] at the river [05104] Euphrates [06578].

²⁴ And he gathered [06908] men [0582] unto him, and became captain [08269] over a band [01416], when David [01732] slew [02026] them of Zobah: and they went [03212] to Damascus [01834], and dwelt [03427] therein, and reigned [04427] in Damascus [01834].

⁶ Then David [01732] put [07760] garrisons [05333] in Syria [0758] of Damascus [01834]: and the Syrians [0758] became servants [05650] to David [01732], and brought [05375] gifts [04503]. And the LORD [03068] preserved [03467] David [01732] whithersoever he went [01980].