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Selected Verse: Isaiah 9:5 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Isa 9:5	Strong Concordance	For every battle [05430] of the warrior [05431] is with confused noise [07494], and garments [08071] rolled [01556] in blood [01818]; but this shall be with burning [08316] and fuel [03980] of fire [0784].
	King James	For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and garments rolled in blood; but this shall be with burning and fuel of fire.

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
every battle, &c.--rather, "every greave of (the warrior who is) armed with greaves in the din of battle, and the martial garment (or cloak, called by the Latins sagum) rolled in blood, shall be for burning, (and) fuel for fire" [MAURER]. All warlike accoutrements shall be destroyed, as no longer required in the new era of peace (Isa 2:4; Isa 11:6-7; Psa 46:9; Eze 39:9; Mic 5:5, Mic 5:10; Zac 9:9-10). Compare Mal 4:1, as to the previous burning up of the wicked.

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

every battle, &c.--rather, "every greave of (the warrior who is) armed with greaves in the din of battle, and the martial garment (or cloak, called by the Latins sagum) rolled in blood, shall be for burning, (and) fuel for fire" [MAURER]. All warlike accoutrements shall be destroyed, as no longer required in the new era of peace (Isa 2:4; Isa 11:6-7; Psa 46:9; Eze 39:9; Mic 5:5, Mic 5:10; Zac 9:9-10). Compare Mal 4:1, as to the previous burning up of the wicked.

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
For every battle of the warrior - The expression used here has caused great difficulty, from the fact that it occurs nowhere else in the Scriptures. The word סאון se'ôn, rendered here battle, is supposed to mean rather greaves, or the armor of the warrior which covered the feet and the legs. It would be literally translated, 'Every greave of those armed with greaves.' - Gesenius. The Chaldee renders it, 'Forevery gift of theirs is for evil.' The Syriac, 'Forevery tumult (of battle) is heard with terror.' Hengstenberg renders it, 'For all war-shoes put on at the noise of battle, all garments dipped in blood, shall be burnt, shall be the food of fire.' The idea, according to him, is, that the great future redemption will be like the deliverance under Gideon; 'because, far from being accomplished by force of arms, with it all contention and war shall cease.' Gesenius regards the figurative expression as a general designation of that peace which shall never end. All the armor used in war shall then be burned, as being of no further use. Is with confused noise - The word used here - רעשׁ ra‛ash - denotes, properly, a shaking, as of a spear; a concussion, tumult, noise, as of a battle. Here it is supposed to refer to the noise which the armor of the soldiers made - particularly to the noise made by the greaves, or war-shoes, worn on the feet and legs. Those greaves were fitted up; it is said, by numerous large iron hooks, or clasps, and were fastened sometimes with large nails; compare Josephus, Jewish Wars, B. vi. ch. i. section 8. And garments - This word here refers, doubtless, to the soldier's cloak or blanket. Rolled in blood - This is a description of the usual effect of war. The image of war is that of a clangor made by the armor of soldiers, and by garments that have been dipped in human blood. It is a most revolting but just image. But this shall be - In regard to this threatened invasion and danger, this shall be the result. The meaning is this. The prophet sees the image of war and of threatened invasion. He hears the clangor of their greaves - the sound of their march; and he sees the usual emblem of battle - bloody garments. But he says here, that this invasion shall not be successful. There was no occasion of alarm. The very armor of the warrior should be burned up. The enemy should be defeated - and their greaves, and their bloody garments, should be consumed. With burning - For burning; that is it shall be consumed. And fuel of fire - Hebrew, 'Food of fire.' This is a strong, emphatic expression - 'it shall be to be burned - the food of fire.' It denotes the certainty that they would be vanquished; that the invading foe would not be successful; and that his very armory and garments would be stripped off and burned. To understand this, it is necessary to remark, that in ancient times it was customary to strip the dead which were slain in a vanquished army, and to collect their armor, their chariots, etc., and consume them. The more valued spoils of battle were reserved as the prey of the victors, or to be suspended in temples censecrated to the gods; see Psa 46:9-10 : He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; He breaketh the bow; And cutteth the spear in sunder; He burneth the chariot in the fire. Ezekiel has carried out this description more at length: And the inhabitants of the cities of Israel shall go forth, And shall set on fire and burn the weapons, Both the shields and the bucklers, The bows and the arrows, And the clubs and the lances. Eze 39:9. Zechariah has a similar figure, as descriptive of the time of the Messiah: Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem; Behold, thy king cometh unto thee. And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim, And the horse from Jerusalem, And the battle bow shal be cut off, etc. Zac 9:9-10. This custom prevailed among several nations. Thus Virgil: - scutorumque incendi victor acervos. AEneid, viii. 562. There can be no doubt, I think, that the prophet here has his eye on the victories of the Messiah, and that he means to say, that in those victories all armor would be for fuel of fire; that is, that they would be achieved without hostile arms. Applied to the Messiah, it means either that his victories would be complete, or that in his victories all necessity of such armor would cease. According to this, the passage teaches that peace should be introduced by him without a conflict, and thus harmonizes with the numerous parallel passages in which peace is represented as a characteristic mark of the times of the Messiah, when contention, war, and destruction shall cease; see Isa 11:6-7.

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]

For every battle of the warrior - The expression used here has caused great difficulty, from the fact that it occurs nowhere else in the Scriptures. The word סאון se'ôn, rendered here battle, is supposed to mean rather greaves, or the armor of the warrior which covered the feet and the legs. It would be literally translated, 'Every greave of those armed with greaves.' - Gesenius. The Chaldee renders it, 'Forevery gift of theirs is for evil.' The Syriac, 'Forevery tumult (of battle) is heard with terror.' Hengstenberg renders it, 'For all war-shoes put on at the noise of battle, all garments dipped in blood, shall be burnt, shall be the food of fire.' The idea, according to him, is, that the great future redemption will be like the deliverance under Gideon; 'because, far from being accomplished by force of arms, with it all contention and war shall cease.' Gesenius regards the figurative expression as a general designation of that peace which shall never end. All the armor used in war shall then be burned, as being of no further use.

Is with confused noise - The word used here - רעשׁ ra‛ash - denotes, properly, a shaking, as of a spear; a concussion, tumult, noise, as of a battle. Here it is supposed to refer to the noise which the armor of the soldiers made - particularly to the noise made by the greaves, or war-shoes, worn on the feet and legs. Those greaves were fitted up; it is said, by numerous large iron hooks, or clasps, and were fastened sometimes with large nails; compare Josephus, Jewish Wars, B. vi. ch. i. section 8.

And garments - This word here refers, doubtless, to the soldier's cloak or blanket.

Rolled in blood - This is a description of the usual effect of war. The image of war is that of a clangor made by the armor of soldiers, and by garments that have been dipped in human blood. It is a most revolting but just image.

But this shall be - In regard to this threatened invasion and danger, this shall be the result. The meaning is this. The prophet sees the image of war and of threatened invasion. He hears the clangor of their greaves - the sound of their march; and he sees the usual emblem of battle - bloody garments. But he says here, that this invasion shall not be successful. There was no occasion of alarm. The very armor of the warrior should be burned up. The enemy should be defeated - and their greaves, and their bloody garments, should be consumed.

With burning - For burning; that is it shall be consumed.

And fuel of fire - Hebrew, 'Food of fire.' This is a strong, emphatic expression - 'it shall be to be burned - the food of fire.' It denotes the certainty that they would be vanquished; that the invading foe would not be successful; and that his very armory and garments would be stripped off and burned. To understand this, it is necessary to remark, that in ancient times it was customary to strip the dead which were slain in a vanquished army, and to collect their armor, their chariots, etc., and consume them. The more valued spoils of battle were reserved as the prey of the victors, or to be suspended in temples censecrated to the gods; see Psa 46:9-10 :

He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth;

He breaketh the bow;

And cutteth the spear in sunder;

He burneth the chariot in the fire.

Ezekiel has carried out this description more at length:

And the inhabitants of the cities of Israel shall go forth,

And shall set on fire and burn the weapons,

Both the shields and the bucklers,

The bows and the arrows,

And the clubs and the lances.

Eze 39:9.

Zechariah has a similar figure, as descriptive of the time of the Messiah:

Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion;

Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem;

Behold, thy king cometh unto thee.

And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim,

And the horse from Jerusalem,

And the battle bow shal be cut off, etc.

Zac 9:9-10.

This custom prevailed among several nations. Thus Virgil:

- scutorumque incendi victor acervos.

AEneid, viii. 562.

There can be no doubt, I think, that the prophet here has his eye on the victories of the Messiah, and that he means to say, that in those victories all armor would be for fuel of fire; that is, that they would be achieved without hostile arms. Applied to the Messiah, it means either that his victories would be complete, or that in his victories all necessity of such armor would cease. According to this, the passage teaches that peace should be introduced by him without a conflict, and thus harmonizes with the numerous parallel passages in which peace is represented as a characteristic mark of the times of the Messiah, when contention, war, and destruction shall cease; see Isa 11:6-7.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
"For every boot of those who tramp with boots in the tumult of battle, and cloak rolled in blood, shall be for burning, a food of fire." That which is the food of fire becomes at the same time a sĕrēphâh, inasmuch as the devouring fire reduces it to ashes, and destroys its previous existence. This closing statement requires for סאון the concrete sense of a combustible thing; and this precludes such meanings as business (Handel und Wandel), noise, or din (= שׁאון, Jerome, Syriac, Rashi, and others). On the other hand, the meaning "military equipment," adopted by Knobel and others - a meaning derived from a comparison of the derivatives of the Aramaean zūn, ăzan, and the Arabic zâna, fut. yezı̄n (to dress or equip) - would be quite admissible; at the same time, the interchange of Samech and Zain in this word cannot be dialectically established. Jos. Kimchi has very properly referred to the Targum sēn, mesân (Syr. also sâūn with an essentially long a), which signifies shoe (see Bynaeus, de calceo Hebraeorum) - a word which is more Aramaean than Hebrew, and the use of which in the present connection might be explained on the ground that the prophet had in his mind the annihilation of the Assyrian forces. We should no doubt expect sâ'ūn (sandaloumenos) instead of sō'ēn; but the denom. verb sâ'ăn might be applied to a soldier's coming up in military boots, and so signify Caligatum venire, although the primary meaning is certainly Calceare se (e.g., Eph 6:15, Syr.). Accordingly we should render it, "every boot of him who comes booted (des Einherstiefelnden) into the tumult of battle," taking the word ra‛ash, not as Drechsler does, in the sense of the noise made by a warrior coming up proudly in his war-boots, nor with Luzzatto in the sense of the war-boot itself, for which the word is too strong, but as referring to the noise or tumult of battle (as in Jer 10:22), in the midst of which the man comes up equipped or shod for military service. The prophet names the boot and garment with an obvious purpose. The destruction of the hostile weapons follows as a matter of course, if even the military shoes, worn by the soldiers in the enemies' ranks, and the military cloaks that were lying in dâmim, i.e., in blood violently shed upon the battle-field, were all given up to the fire.

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
Noise - With the triumphant exclamations of the conqueror, and the bitter lamentations of the conquered, and the different cries of the same persons, sometimes conquering, and sometimes conquered. Blood - With great difficulty and slaughter. But - But this victory which God's people shall have over all their enemies, shall be more terrible to their adversaries, whom God will utterly consume, as it were by fire.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
Every battle of the warrior "The greaves of the armed warrior" - שאון שאון seon soen. This word, occurring only in this place, is oaf very doubtful signification. Schindler fairly tells us that we may guess at it by the context. The Jews have explained it, by guess I believe, as signifying battle, conflict: the Vulgate renders it violenta praedatio. But it seems as if something was rather meant which was capable of becoming fuel for the fire, together with the garments mentioned in the same sentence. In Syriac the word, as a noun, signifies a shoe, or a sandal, as a learned friend suggested to me some years ago. See Luk 15:22; Act 12:8. I take it, therefore, to mean that part of the armor which covered the legs and feet, and I would render the two words in Latin by caliga caligati. The burning of heaps of armor, gathered from the field of battle, as an offering made to the god supposed to be the giver of victory, was a custom that prevailed among some heathen nations; and the Romans used it as an emblem of peace, which perfectly well suits with the design of the prophet in this place. A medal struck by Vespasian on finishing his wars both at home and abroad represents the goddess Peace holding an olive branch in one hand, and, with a lighted torch in the other, setting fire to a heap of armor. Virgil mentions the custom: - " - Cum primam aciem Praeneste sub ipsa Stravi, scutorumque incendi victor acervos." Aen. lib. viii., ver. 561. "Would heaven, (said he), my strength and youth recall, Such as I was beneath Praeneste's wall - Then when I made the foremost foes retire And set whole heaps of conquered shields on fire." Dryden. See Addison on Medals, Series 2:18. And there are notices of some such practice among the Israelites, and other nations of the most early times. God promises to Joshua victory over the kings of Canaan. "To-morrow I will deliver them up all slain before Israel: thou shalt hough their horses, and burn their chariots with fire," Jos 11:6. See also Nah 2:13. And the psalmist employs this image to express complete victory, and the perfect establishment of peace: - "He maketh wars to cease, even to the end of the land: He breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder; And burneth the chariots in the fire. - Psa 46:9. עגלות agaloth, properly plausira, impedimenta, the baggage-wagons: which however the Septuagint and Vulgate render scuta, "shields;" and the Chaldee, "round shields," to show the propriety of that sense of the word from the etymology; which, if admitted, makes the image the same with that used by the Romans. Ezekiel, Eze 39:8-10, in his bold manner has carried this image to a degree of amplification which I think hardly any other of the Hebrew poets would have attempted. He describes the burning of the arms of the enemy, in consequence of the complete victory to be obtained by the Israelites over Gog and Magog: - "Behold, it is come to pass, and it is done, Saith the Lord Jehovah. This is the day of which I spoke: And the inhabitants of the cities of Israel shall go forth. And shall set on fire the armor, and the shield, And the buckler, and the bow, and the arrows, And the clubs and the lances; And they shall set them on fire for seven years. And they shall not bear wood from the field; Neither shall they hew from the forest: For of the armor shall they make their fires; And they shall spoil their spoilers, And they shall plunder their plunderers." R. D. Kimchi, on this verse says this refers simply to the destruction of the Assyrians. Other battles are fought man against man, and spear against spear; and the garments are rolled in blood through the wounds given and received: but this was with burning, for the angel of the Lord smote them by night, and there was neither sword nor violent commotion, nor blood; they were food for the fire, for the angel of the Lord consumed them.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826

Every battle of the warrior "The greaves of the armed warrior" - שאון שאון seon soen. This word, occurring only in this place, is oaf very doubtful signification. Schindler fairly tells us that we may guess at it by the context. The Jews have explained it, by guess I believe, as signifying battle, conflict: the Vulgate renders it violenta praedatio. But it seems as if something was rather meant which was capable of becoming fuel for the fire, together with the garments mentioned in the same sentence. In Syriac the word, as a noun, signifies a shoe, or a sandal, as a learned friend suggested to me some years ago. See Luk 15:22; Act 12:8. I take it, therefore, to mean that part of the armor which covered the legs and feet, and I would render the two words in Latin by caliga caligati. The burning of heaps of armor, gathered from the field of battle, as an offering made to the god supposed to be the giver of victory, was a custom that prevailed among some heathen nations; and the Romans used it as an emblem of peace, which perfectly well suits with the design of the prophet in this place. A medal struck by Vespasian on finishing his wars both at home and abroad represents the goddess Peace holding an olive branch in one hand, and, with a lighted torch in the other, setting fire to a heap of armor. Virgil mentions the custom: -

" - Cum primam aciem Praeneste sub ipsa

Stravi, scutorumque incendi victor acervos."

Aen. lib. viii., ver. 561.

"Would heaven, (said he), my strength and youth recall,

Such as I was beneath Praeneste's wall -

Then when I made the foremost foes retire

And set whole heaps of conquered shields on fire."

Dryden.

See Addison on Medals, Series 2:18. And there are notices of some such practice among the Israelites, and other nations of the most early times. God promises to Joshua victory over the kings of Canaan. "To-morrow I will deliver them up all slain before Israel: thou shalt hough their horses, and burn their chariots with fire," Jos 11:6. See also Nah 2:13. And the psalmist employs this image to express complete victory, and the perfect establishment of peace: -

"He maketh wars to cease, even to the end of the land:

He breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder;

And burneth the chariots in the fire.

- Psa 46:9.

עגלות agaloth, properly plausira, impedimenta, the baggage-wagons: which however the Septuagint and Vulgate render scuta, "shields;" and the Chaldee, "round shields," to show the propriety of that sense of the word from the etymology; which, if admitted, makes the image the same with that used by the Romans.

Ezekiel, Eze 39:8-10, in his bold manner has carried this image to a degree of amplification which I think hardly any other of the Hebrew poets would have attempted. He describes the burning of the arms of the enemy, in consequence of the complete victory to be obtained by the Israelites over Gog and Magog: -

"Behold, it is come to pass, and it is done,

Saith the Lord Jehovah.

This is the day of which I spoke:

And the inhabitants of the cities of Israel shall go forth.

And shall set on fire the armor, and the shield,

And the buckler, and the bow, and the arrows,

And the clubs and the lances;

And they shall set them on fire for seven years.

And they shall not bear wood from the field;

Neither shall they hew from the forest:

For of the armor shall they make their fires;

And they shall spoil their spoilers,

And they shall plunder their plunderers."

R. D. Kimchi, on this verse says this refers simply to the destruction of the Assyrians. Other battles are fought man against man, and spear against spear; and the garments are rolled in blood through the wounds given and received: but this was with burning, for the angel of the Lord smote them by night, and there was neither sword nor violent commotion, nor blood; they were food for the fire, for the angel of the Lord consumed them.

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¹ For, behold, the day [03117] cometh [0935], that shall burn [01197] as an oven [08574]; and all the proud [02086], yea, and all that do [06213] wickedly [07564], shall be stubble [07179]: and the day [03117] that cometh [0935] shall burn them up [03857], saith [0559] the LORD [03068] of hosts [06635], that it shall leave [05800] them neither root [08328] nor branch [06057].

⁹ Rejoice [01523] greatly [03966], O daughter [01323] of Zion [06726]; shout [07321], O daughter [01323] of Jerusalem [03389]: behold, thy King [04428] cometh [0935] unto thee: he is just [06662], and having salvation [03467]; lowly [06041], and riding [07392] upon an ass [02543], and upon a colt [05895] the foal [01121] of an ass [0860].
¹⁰ And I will cut off [03772] the chariot [07393] from Ephraim [0669], and the horse [05483] from Jerusalem [03389], and the battle [04421] bow [07198] shall be cut off [03772]: and he shall speak [01696] peace [07965] unto the heathen [01471]: and his dominion [04915] shall be from sea [03220] even to sea [03220], and from the river [05104] even to the ends [0657] of the earth [0776].

¹⁰ And it shall come to pass in that day [03117], saith [05002] the LORD [03068], that I will cut off [03772] thy horses [05483] out of the midst [07130] of thee, and I will destroy [06] thy chariots [04818]:

⁵ And this man shall be the peace [07965], when the Assyrian [0804] shall come [0935] into our land [0776]: and when he shall tread [01869] in our palaces [0759], then shall we raise [06965] against him seven [07651] shepherds [07462], and eight [08083] principal [05257] men [0120].

⁹ And they that dwell [03427] in the cities [05892] of Israel [03478] shall go forth [03318], and shall set [01197] on fire [0784] and burn [05400] the weapons [05402], both the shields [04043] and the bucklers [06793], the bows [07198] and the arrows [02671], and the handstaves [03027] [04731], and the spears [07420], and they shall burn [01197] them with fire [0784] seven [07651] years [08141]:

⁶ The wolf [02061] also shall dwell [01481] with the lamb [03532], and the leopard [05246] shall lie down [07257] with the kid [01423]; and the calf [05695] and the young lion [03715] and the fatling [04806] together [03162]; and a little [06996] child [05288] shall lead [05090] them.
⁷ And the cow [06510] and the bear [01677] shall feed [07462]; their young ones [03206] shall lie down [07257] together [03162]: and the lion [0738] shall eat [0398] straw [08401] like the ox [01241].

⁴ And he shall judge [08199] among the nations [01471], and shall rebuke [03198] many [07227] people [05971]: and they shall beat [03807] their swords [02719] into plowshares [0855], and their spears [02595] into pruninghooks [04211]: nation [01471] shall not lift up [05375] sword [02719] against nation [01471], neither shall they learn [03925] war [04421] any more.

⁹ He maketh wars [04421] to cease [07673] unto the end [07097] of the earth [0776]; he breaketh [07665] the bow [07198], and cutteth [07112] the spear [02595] in sunder [07112]; he burneth [08313] the chariot [05699] in the fire [0784].
¹⁰ Be still [07503], and know [03045] that I am God [0430]: I will be exalted [07311] among the heathen [01471], I will be exalted [07311] in the earth [0776].

²² Behold, the noise [06963] of the bruit [08052] is come [0935], and a great [01419] commotion [07494] out of the north [06828] country [0776], to make [07760] the cities [05892] of Judah [03063] desolate [08077], and a den [04583] of dragons [08577].

¹⁵ And [2532] your feet [4228] shod [5265] with [1722] the preparation [2091] of the gospel [2098] of peace [1515];

⁸ Behold, it is come [0935], and it is done [01961], saith [05002] the Lord [0136] GOD [03069]; this is the day [03117] whereof I have spoken [01696].
⁹ And they that dwell [03427] in the cities [05892] of Israel [03478] shall go forth [03318], and shall set [01197] on fire [0784] and burn [05400] the weapons [05402], both the shields [04043] and the bucklers [06793], the bows [07198] and the arrows [02671], and the handstaves [03027] [04731], and the spears [07420], and they shall burn [01197] them with fire [0784] seven [07651] years [08141]:
¹⁰ So that they shall take [05375] no wood [06086] out of the field [07704], neither cut down [02404] any out of the forests [03293]; for they shall burn [01197] the weapons [05402] with fire [0784]: and they shall spoil [07997] those that spoiled [07997] them, and rob [0962] those that robbed [0962] them, saith [05002] the Lord [0136] GOD [03069].

¹³ Behold, I am against thee, saith [05002] the LORD [03068] of hosts [06635], and I will burn [01197] her chariots [07393] in the smoke [06227], and the sword [02719] shall devour [0398] thy young lions [03715]: and I will cut off [03772] thy prey [02964] from the earth [0776], and the voice [06963] of thy messengers [04397] shall no more be heard [08085].

⁶ And the LORD [03068] said [0559] unto Joshua [03091], Be not afraid [03372] because [06440] of them: for to morrow [04279] about this time [06256] will I deliver them up [05414] all slain [02491] before [06440] Israel [03478]: thou shalt hough [06131] their horses [05483], and burn [08313] their chariots [04818] with fire [0784].

⁸ And [5037] the angel [32] said [2036] unto [4314] him [846], Gird thyself [4024], and [2532] bind on [5265] thy [4675] sandals [4547]. And [1161] so [3779] he did [4160]. And [2532] he saith [3004] unto him [846], Cast [4016] thy garment [2440] about [4016] thee [4675], and [2532] follow [190] me [3427].

²² But [1161] the father [3962] said [2036] to [4314] his [846] servants [1401], Bring forth [1627] the best [4413] robe [4749], and [2532] put it on [1746] him [846]; and [2532] put [1325] a ring [1146] on [1519] his [846] hand [5495], and [2532] shoes [5266] on [1519] his feet [4228]: