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Selected Verse: Song of solomon 6:8 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
So 6:8	Strong Concordance	There are threescore [08346] queens [04436], and fourscore [08084] concubines [06370], and virgins [05959] without number [04557].
	King James	There are threescore queens, and fourscore concubines, and virgins without number.

Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
threescore--indefinite number, as in Sol 3:7. Not queens, &c., of Solomon, but witnesses of the espousals, rulers of the earth contrasted with the saints, who, though many, are but "one" bride (Isa 52:15; Luk 22:25-26; Joh 17:21; Co1 10:17). The one Bride is contrasted with the many wives whom Eastern kings had in violation of the marriage law (Kg1 11:1-3).

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

threescore--indefinite number, as in Sol 3:7. Not queens, &c., of Solomon, but witnesses of the espousals, rulers of the earth contrasted with the saints, who, though many, are but "one" bride (Isa 52:15; Luk 22:25-26; Joh 17:21; Co1 10:17). The one Bride is contrasted with the many wives whom Eastern kings had in violation of the marriage law (Kg1 11:1-3).

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
8 There are sixty queens, And eighty concubines, And virgins without number. 9 One is my dove, my perfect one, - The only one of her mother, The choice one of her that bare her. The daughters saw her and called her blessed, - Queens and concubines, and they extolled her. Even here, where, if anywhere, notice of the difference of gender was to be expected, המּה stands instead of the more accurate הנּה (e.g., Gen 6:2). The number off the women of Solomon's court, Kg1 11:3, is far greater (700 wives and 300 concubines); and those who deny the Solomonic authorship of the Song regard the poet, in this particular, as more historical than the historian. On our part, holding as we do the Solomonic authorship of the book, we conclude from these low numbers that the Song celebrates a love-relation of Solomon's at the commencement of his reign: his luxury had not then reached the enormous height to which he, the same Solomon, looks back, and which he designates, Ecc 2:8, as vanitas vanitatum. At any rate, the number of 60 מלכות, i.e., legitimate wives of equal rank with himself, is yet high enough; for, according to Ch2 11:21, Rehoboam had 18 wives and 60 concubines. The 60 occurred before, at Sol 3:7. If it be a round number, as sometimes, although rarely, sexaginta is thus used (Hitzig), it may be reduced only to 51, but not further, especially here, where 80 stands along with it. פילגשׁ (פּלּגשׁ), Gr. πάλλαξ παλλακή (Lat. pellex), which in the form פּלּקתּא (פּלקתא) came back from the Greek to the Aramaic, is a word as yet unexplained. According to the formation, it may be compared to חרמשׁ, from חרם, to cut off; whence also the harem bears the (Arab.) name ḥaram, or the separated synaeconitis, to which access is denied. And ending in is (ש) is known to the Assyr., but only as an adverbial ending, which, as 'istinis = לבדּו, alone, solus, shows is connected with the pron. su. These two nouns appear as thus requiring to be referred to quadrilitera, with the annexed שׁ; perhaps פלגשׁ, in the sense of to break into splinters, from פּלג, to divide (whence a brook, as dividing itself in its channels, has the name of פּלג), points to the polygamous relation as a breaking up of the marriage of one; so that a concubine has the name pillěgěsh, as a representant of polygamy in contrast to monogamy. In the first line of Sol 6:9 אחת is subj. (one, who is my dove, my perfect one); in the second line, on the contrary, it is pred. (one, unica, is she of her mother). That Shulamith was her mother's only child does not, however, follow from this; אחת, unica, is equivalent to unice dilecta, as יחיד, Pro 4:3, is equivalent to unice dilectus (cf. Keil's Zac 14:7). The parall. בּרה has its nearest signification electa (lxx, Syr., Jerome), not pura (Venet.); the fundamental idea of cutting and separating divides itself into the ideas of choosing and purifying. The Aorists, Sol 6:9, are the only ones in this book; they denote that Shulamith's look had, on the part of the women, this immediate result, that they willingly assigned to her the good fortune of being preferred to them all, - that to her the prize was due. The words, as also at Pro 31:28, are an echo of Gen 30:13, - the books of the Chokma delight in references to Genesis, the book of pre-Israelitish origin. Here, in Sol 6:8, Sol 6:9, the distinction between our typical and the allegorical interpretation is correctly seen. The latter is bound to explain what the 60 and the 80 mean, and how the wives, concubines, and "virgins" of the harem are to be distinguished from each other; but what till now has been attempted in this matter has, by reason of its very absurdity or folly, become an easy subject of wanton mockery. But the typical interpretation regards the 60 and the 80, and the unreckoned number, as what their names denote, - viz. favourites, concubines, and serving-maids. But to see an allegory of heavenly things in such a herd of women - a kind of thing which the Book of Genesis dates from the degradation of marriage in the line of Cain - is a profanation of that which is holy. The fact is, that by a violation of the law of God (Deu 17:17), Solomon brings a cloud over the typical representation, which is not at all to be thought of in connection with the Antitype. Solomon, as Jul Sturm rightly remarks, is not to be considered by himself, but only in his relation to Shulamith. In Christ, on the contrary, is no imperfection; sin remains in the congregation. In the Song, the bride is purer than the bridegroom; but in the fulfilling of the Song this relation is reversed: the bridegroom is purer than the bride.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

8 There are sixty queens,

And eighty concubines,

And virgins without number.

9 One is my dove, my perfect one, -

The only one of her mother,

The choice one of her that bare her.

The daughters saw her and called her blessed, -

Queens and concubines, and they extolled her.

Even here, where, if anywhere, notice of the difference of gender was to be expected, המּה stands instead of the more accurate הנּה (e.g., Gen 6:2). The number off the women of Solomon's court, Kg1 11:3, is far greater (700 wives and 300 concubines); and those who deny the Solomonic authorship of the Song regard the poet, in this particular, as more historical than the historian. On our part, holding as we do the Solomonic authorship of the book, we conclude from these low numbers that the Song celebrates a love-relation of Solomon's at the commencement of his reign: his luxury had not then reached the enormous height to which he, the same Solomon, looks back, and which he designates, Ecc 2:8, as vanitas vanitatum. At any rate, the number of 60 מלכות, i.e., legitimate wives of equal rank with himself, is yet high enough; for, according to Ch2 11:21, Rehoboam had 18 wives and 60 concubines. The 60 occurred before, at Sol 3:7. If it be a round number, as sometimes, although rarely, sexaginta is thus used (Hitzig), it may be reduced only to 51, but not further, especially here, where 80 stands along with it. פילגשׁ (פּלּגשׁ), Gr. πάλλαξ παλλακή (Lat. pellex), which in the form פּלּקתּא (פּלקתא) came back from the Greek to the Aramaic, is a word as yet unexplained. According to the formation, it may be compared to חרמשׁ, from חרם, to cut off; whence also the harem bears the (Arab.) name ḥaram, or the separated synaeconitis, to which access is denied. And ending in is (ש) is known to the Assyr., but only as an adverbial ending, which, as 'istinis = לבדּו, alone, solus, shows is connected with the pron. su. These two nouns appear as thus requiring to be referred to quadrilitera, with the annexed שׁ; perhaps פלגשׁ, in the sense of to break into splinters, from פּלג, to divide (whence a brook, as dividing itself in its channels, has the name of פּלג), points to the polygamous relation as a breaking up of the marriage of one; so that a concubine has the name pillěgěsh, as a representant of polygamy in contrast to monogamy.

In the first line of Sol 6:9 אחת is subj. (one, who is my dove, my perfect one); in the second line, on the contrary, it is pred. (one, unica, is she of her mother). That Shulamith was her mother's only child does not, however, follow from this; אחת, unica, is equivalent to unice dilecta, as יחיד, Pro 4:3, is equivalent to unice dilectus (cf. Keil's Zac 14:7). The parall. בּרה has its nearest signification electa (lxx, Syr., Jerome), not pura (Venet.); the fundamental idea of cutting and separating divides itself into the ideas of choosing and purifying. The Aorists, Sol 6:9, are the only ones in this book; they denote that Shulamith's look had, on the part of the women, this immediate result, that they willingly assigned to her the good fortune of being preferred to them all, - that to her the prize was due. The words, as also at Pro 31:28, are an echo of Gen 30:13, - the books of the Chokma delight in references to Genesis, the book of pre-Israelitish origin. Here, in Sol 6:8, Sol 6:9, the distinction between our typical and the allegorical interpretation is correctly seen. The latter is bound to explain what the 60 and the 80 mean, and how the wives, concubines, and "virgins" of the harem are to be distinguished from each other; but what till now has been attempted in this matter has, by reason of its very absurdity or folly, become an easy subject of wanton mockery. But the typical interpretation regards the 60 and the 80, and the unreckoned number, as what their names denote, - viz. favourites, concubines, and serving-maids. But to see an allegory of heavenly things in such a herd of women - a kind of thing which the Book of Genesis dates from the degradation of marriage in the line of Cain - is a profanation of that which is holy. The fact is, that by a violation of the law of God (Deu 17:17), Solomon brings a cloud over the typical representation, which is not at all to be thought of in connection with the Antitype. Solomon, as Jul Sturm rightly remarks, is not to be considered by himself, but only in his relation to Shulamith. In Christ, on the contrary, is no imperfection; sin remains in the congregation. In the Song, the bride is purer than the bridegroom; but in the fulfilling of the Song this relation is reversed: the bridegroom is purer than the bride.

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
Threescore - A certain number for an uncertain. The sense seems to be this, there are many beautiful queens and concubines in the world, in the courts of princes, but none of them is to be compared with my spouse.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
There are threescore queens - Though there be sixty queens, and eighty concubines, or secondary wives, and virgins innumerable, in my harem, yet thou, my dove, my undefiled, art אצת achath, One, the Only One, she in whom I delight beyond all.

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¹ But king [04428] Solomon [08010] loved [0157] many [07227] strange [05237] women [0802], together with the daughter [01323] of Pharaoh [06547], women of the Moabites [04125], Ammonites [05984], Edomites [0130], Zidonians [06722], and Hittites [02850];
² Of the nations [01471] concerning which the LORD [03068] said [0559] unto the children [01121] of Israel [03478], Ye shall not go in [0935] to them, neither shall they come in [0935] unto you: for surely [0403] they will turn away [05186] your heart [03824] after [0310] their gods [0430]: Solomon [08010] clave [01692] unto these in love [0157].
³ And he had seven [07651] hundred [03967] wives [0802], princesses [08282], and three [07969] hundred [03967] concubines [06370]: and his wives [0802] turned away [05186] his heart [03820].

¹⁷ For [3754] we [2070] being many [4183] are [2070] one [1520] bread [740], and one [1520] body [4983]: for [1063] we are [3348] all [3956] partakers [3348] of [1537] that one [1520] bread [740].

²¹ That [2443] they all [3956] may be [5600] one [1520]; as [2531] thou [4771], Father [3962], art in [1722] me [1698], and I [2504] in [1722] thee [4671], that [2443] they [846] also [2532] may be [5600] one [1520] in [1722] us [2254]: that [2443] the world [2889] may believe [4100] that [3754] thou [4771] hast sent [649] me [3165].

²⁵ And [1161] he said [2036] unto them [846], The kings [935] of the Gentiles [1484] exercise lordship over [2961] them [846]; and [2532] they that exercise authority upon [1850] them [846] are called [2564] benefactors [2110].
²⁶ But [1161] ye [5210] shall not [3756] be so [3779]: but [235] he that is greatest [3187] among [1722] you [5213], let him be [1096] as [5613] the younger [3501]; and [2532] he that is chief [2233], as [5613] he that doth serve [1247].

¹⁵ So shall he sprinkle [05137] many [07227] nations [01471]; the kings [04428] shall shut [07092] their mouths [06310] at him: for that which had not been told [05608] them shall they see [07200]; and that which they had not heard [08085] shall they consider [0995].

⁷ Behold his bed [04296], which is Solomon's [08010]; threescore [08346] valiant [01368] men are about [05439] it, of the valiant [01368] of Israel [03478].

¹⁷ Neither shall he multiply [07235] wives [0802] to himself, that his heart [03824] turn [05493] not away: neither shall he greatly [03966] multiply [07235] to himself silver [03701] and gold [02091].

⁹ My dove [03123], my undefiled [08535] is but one [0259]; she is the only one [0259] of her mother [0517], she is the choice [01249] one of her that bare [03205] her. The daughters [01323] saw [07200] her, and blessed [0833] her; yea, the queens [04436] and the concubines [06370], and they praised [01984] her.

⁸ There are threescore [08346] queens [04436], and fourscore [08084] concubines [06370], and virgins [05959] without number [04557].

¹³ And Leah [03812] said [0559], Happy am I [0837], for the daughters [01323] will call me blessed [0833]: and she called [07121] his name [08034] Asher [0836].

²⁸ Her children [01121] arise up [06965], and call her blessed [0833]; her husband [01167] also, and he praiseth [01984] her.

⁷ But it shall be one [0259] day [03117] which shall be known [03045] to the LORD [03068], not day [03117], nor night [03915]: but it shall come to pass, that at evening [06153] time [06256] it shall be light [0216].

³ For I was my father's [01] son [01121], tender [07390] and only [03173] beloved in the sight [06440] of my mother [0517].

⁷ Behold his bed [04296], which is Solomon's [08010]; threescore [08346] valiant [01368] men are about [05439] it, of the valiant [01368] of Israel [03478].

²¹ And Rehoboam [07346] loved [0157] Maachah [04601] the daughter [01323] of Absalom [053] above all his wives [0802] and his concubines [06370]: (for he took [05375] eighteen [08083] [06240] wives [0802], and threescore [08346] concubines [06370]; and begat [03205] twenty [06242] and eight [08083] sons [01121], and threescore [08346] daughters [01323].)

⁸ I gathered [03664] me also silver [03701] and gold [02091], and the peculiar treasure [05459] of kings [04428] and of the provinces [04082]: I gat [06213] me men singers [07891] and women singers [07891], and the delights [08588] of the sons [01121] of men [0120], as musical instruments [07705] [07705], and that of all sorts.

³ And he had seven [07651] hundred [03967] wives [0802], princesses [08282], and three [07969] hundred [03967] concubines [06370]: and his wives [0802] turned away [05186] his heart [03820].

² That the sons [01121] of God [0430] saw [07200] the daughters [01323] of men [0120] that they [02007] were fair [02896]; and they took [03947] them wives [0802] of all which they chose [0977].