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Selected Verse: Job 18:20 - Strong Concordance

Verse	Translation	Text
Job 18:20	Strong Concordance	They that come after [0314] him shall be astonied [08074] at his day [03117], as they that went before [06931] were affrighted [0270] [08178].
	King James	They that come after him shall be astonied at his day, as they that went before were affrighted.

Summary Of Commentaries Associated With The Selected Verse

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A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]
after . . . before--rather, "those in the West--those in the East"; that is, all people; literally, "those behind--those before"; for Orientals in geography turn with their faces to the east (not to the north as we), and back to the west; so that before--east; behind--north (so Zac 14:8). day--of ruin (Oba 1:12). affrighted--seized with terror (Job 21:6; Isa 13:8).

A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown [1882]

after . . . before--rather, "those in the West--those in the East"; that is, all people; literally, "those behind--those before"; for Orientals in geography turn with their faces to the east (not to the north as we), and back to the west; so that before--east; behind--north (so Zac 14:8).

day--of ruin (Oba 1:12).

affrighted--seized with terror (Job 21:6; Isa 13:8).

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]
They that come after him - Future ages; they who may hear of his history and of the manner in which he was cut off from life. So the passage has been generally rendered; so, substantially, it is by Dr. Good, Dr. Noyes, Rosenmuller, and Luther. The Vulgate translates it novissimi; the Septuagint, ἔσχατοι eschatoi - "the last" - meaning those that should live after him, or at a later period. But Schultens supposes that the word used here denotes those in "the West," and the corresponding word rendered "went before," denotes those in "the East." With this view Wemyss concurs, who renders the whole verse: "The West shall be astonished at his end; The East shall be panic-struck." According to this, it means that those who dwelt in the remotest regions would be astonished at the calamities which would come upon him. It seems to me that this accords better with the scope of the passage than the other interpretation, and avoids some difficulties which cannot be separated from the other view. The word translated in our version, "that come after him" אחרינים 'achăryônı̂ym is from אחר 'âchar, to be after, or behind; to stay behind, to delay, remain. It then means "after," or "behind;" and as in the geography of the Orientals the face was supposed to be turned to "the East," instead of being turned to the North, as with us - a much more natural position than ours - the word "after," or "behind," comes to denote West, the right hand the South, the left the North; see the notes at Job 23:8-9. Thus, the phrase האחרין הים hayâm hā'achăryôn - "the sea behind, denotes the Mediterranean sea - the West; Deu 24:3; see also Deu 11:24; Deu 34:2; Joe 2:20, where the same phrase in Hebrew occurs. Those who dwelt in the "West," therefore, would be accurately referred to by this phrase. Shall be astonied - Shall be "astonished" - the old mode of writing the word being "astonied;" Isa 52:14. It is not known, however, to be used in any other book than the Bible. As they that went before - Margin, or "lived with him." Noyes, "his elders shall be struck with horror." Vulgate, "et primos invadet "horror." Septuagint, "amazement seizes "the first" - πρώτους prōtous. But the more correct interpretation is that which refers it to the people of the East. The word קדמנים qadmônı̂ym is from קדם qâdam to precede, to go before; and then the derivatives refer to that which goes before, which is in front, etc.; and as face was turned to the East by geographers, the word comes to express that which is in the East, or near the sun-rising; see Joe 2:20; Job 23:8; Gen 2:8. Hence, the phrase קדם בני benēy qedem - "sons of the East" - meaning the persons who dwelt east of Palestine; Job 1:3; Isa 11:14; Gen 25:6; Gen 29:1. The word used here, (קדמנים qadmônı̂ym), is used to denote the people or the regions of the East; in Eze 47:8, Eze 47:18; Zac 14:8. Here it means, as it seems to me, the people of the East; and the idea is that people everywhere would be astonished at the doom of the wicked man. His punishment would be so sudden and entire as to hold the world mute with amazement. Were affrighted - Margin, "laid hold on horror." This is a more literal rendering. The sense is, they would be struck with horror at what would occur to him.

Notes on the Bible, by Albert Barnes, [1834]

They that come after him - Future ages; they who may hear of his history and of the manner in which he was cut off from life. So the passage has been generally rendered; so, substantially, it is by Dr. Good, Dr. Noyes, Rosenmuller, and Luther. The Vulgate translates it novissimi; the Septuagint, ἔσχατοι eschatoi - "the last" - meaning those that should live after him, or at a later period. But Schultens supposes that the word used here denotes those in "the West," and the corresponding word rendered "went before," denotes those in "the East." With this view Wemyss concurs, who renders the whole verse:

"The West shall be astonished at his end;

The East shall be panic-struck."

According to this, it means that those who dwelt in the remotest regions would be astonished at the calamities which would come upon him. It seems to me that this accords better with the scope of the passage than the other interpretation, and avoids some difficulties which cannot be separated from the other view. The word translated in our version, "that come after him" אחרינים 'achăryônı̂ym is from אחר 'âchar, to be after, or behind; to stay behind, to delay, remain. It then means "after," or "behind;" and as in the geography of the Orientals the face was supposed to be turned to "the East," instead of being turned to the North, as with us - a much more natural position than ours - the word "after," or "behind," comes to denote West, the right hand the South, the left the North; see the notes at Job 23:8-9.

Thus, the phrase האחרין הים hayâm hā'achăryôn - "the sea behind, denotes the Mediterranean sea - the West; Deu 24:3; see also Deu 11:24; Deu 34:2; Joe 2:20, where the same phrase in Hebrew occurs. Those who dwelt in the "West," therefore, would be accurately referred to by this phrase.

Shall be astonied - Shall be "astonished" - the old mode of writing the word being "astonied;" Isa 52:14. It is not known, however, to be used in any other book than the Bible.

As they that went before - Margin, or "lived with him." Noyes, "his elders shall be struck with horror." Vulgate, "et primos invadet "horror." Septuagint, "amazement seizes "the first" - πρώτους prōtous. But the more correct interpretation is that which refers it to the people of the East. The word קדמנים qadmônı̂ym is from קדם qâdam to precede, to go before; and then the derivatives refer to that which goes before, which is in front, etc.; and as face was turned to the East by geographers, the word comes to express that which is in the East, or near the sun-rising; see Joe 2:20; Job 23:8; Gen 2:8. Hence, the phrase קדם בני benēy qedem - "sons of the East" - meaning the persons who dwelt east of Palestine; Job 1:3; Isa 11:14; Gen 25:6; Gen 29:1. The word used here, (קדמנים qadmônı̂ym), is used to denote the people or the regions of the East; in Eze 47:8, Eze 47:18; Zac 14:8. Here it means, as it seems to me, the people of the East; and the idea is that people everywhere would be astonished at the doom of the wicked man. His punishment would be so sudden and entire as to hold the world mute with amazement.

Were affrighted - Margin, "laid hold on horror." This is a more literal rendering. The sense is, they would be struck with horror at what would occur to him.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]
20 Those who dwell in the west are astonished at his day, And trembling seizeth those who dwell in the east; 21 Surely thus it befalleth the dwellings of the unrighteous, And thus the place of him that knew not God. It is as much in accordance with the usage of Arabic as it is biblical, to call the day of a man's doom "his day," the day of a battle at a place "the day of that place." Who are the אחרנים who are astonished at it, and the קדמנים whom terror (שׂער as twice besides in this sense in Ezek.) seizes, or as it is properly, who seize terror, i.e., of themselves, without being able to do otherwise than yield to the emotion (as Job 21:6; Isa 13:8; comp. on the contrary Exo 15:14.)? Hirz., Schlottm., Hahn, and others, understand posterity by אחרנים, and by קדמנים their ancestors, therefore Job's contemporaries. But the return from the posterity to those then living is strange, and the usage of the language is opposed to it; for קדמנים is elsewhere always what belongs to the previous age in relation to the speaker (e.g., Sa1 24:14, comp. Ecc 4:16). Since, then, קדמני is used in the signification eastern (e.g., הים הקדמוני, the eastern sea = the Dead Sea), and אחרון in the signification western (e.g., הים האחרון, the western sea = the Mediterranean), it is much more suited both to the order of the words and the usage of the language to understand, with Schult., Oetinger, Umbr., and Ew., the former of those dwelling in the west, and the latter of those dwelling in the east. In the summarizing Job 18:21, the retrospective pronouns are also praegn., like Job 8:19; Job 20:29, comp. Job 26:14 : Thus is it, viz., according to their fate, i.e., thus it befalls them; and אך here retains its original affirmative signification (as in the concluding verse of Psa 58:1-11), although in Hebrew this is blended with the restrictive. וזה has Rebia mugrasch instead of great Schalscheleth, (Note: Vid., Psalter ii. 503, and comp. Davidson, Outlines of Hebrew Accentuation (1861), p. 92, note.) and מקום has in correct texts Legarme, which must be followed by לא־ידע with Illuj on the penult. On the relative clause לא־ידע אל without אשׁר, comp. e.g., Job 29:16; and on this use of the st. constr., vid., Ges. 116, 3. The last verse is as though those mentioned in Job 18:20 pointed with the finger to the example of punishment in the "desolated" dwellings which have been visited by the curse. This second speech of Bildad begins, like the first (Job 8:2), with the reproach of endless babbling; but it does not end like the first (Job 8:22). The first closed with the words: "Thy haters shall be clothed with shame, and the tent of the godless is no more," the second is only an amplification of the second half of this conclusion, without taking up again anywhere the tone of promise, which there also embraces the threatening. It is manifest also from this speech, that the friends, to express it in the words of the old commentators, know nothing of evangelical but only of legal suffering, and also only of legal, nothing of evangelical, righteousness. For the righteousness of which Job boasts is not the righteousness of single works of the law, but of a disposition directed to God, of conduct proceeding from faith, or (as the Old Testament generally says) from trust in God's mercy, the weaknesses of which are forgiven because they are exonerated by the habitual disposition of the man and the primary aim of his actions. The fact that the principle, "suffering is the consequence of human unrighteousness," is accounted by Bildad as the formula of an inviolable law of the moral order of the world, is closely connected with that outward aspect of human righteousness. One can only thus judge when one regards human righteousness and human destiny from the purely legal point of view. A man, as soon as we conceive him in faith, and therefore under grace, is no longer under that supposed exclusive fundamental law of the divine dealing. Brentius is quite right when he observes that the sentence of the law certainly is modified for the sake of the godly who have the word of promise. Bildad knows nothing of the worth and power which a man attains by a righteous heart. By faith he is removed from the domain of God's justice, which recompenses according to the law of works; and before the power of faith even rocks move from their place. Bildad then goes off into a detailed description of the total destruction into which the evil-doer, after going about for a time oppressed with the terrors of his conscience as one walking over snares, at last sinks beneath a painful sickness. The description is terribly brilliant, solemn, and pathetic, as becomes the stern preacher of repentance with haughty mien and pharisaic self-confidence; it is none the less beautiful, and, considered in itself, also true - a masterpiece of the poet's skill in poetic idealizing, and in apportioning out the truth in dramatic form. The speech only becomes untrue through the application of the truth advanced, and this untruthfulness the poet has most delicately presented in it. For with a view of terrifying Job, Bildad interweaves distinct references to Job in his description; he knows, however, also how to conceal them under the rich drapery of diversified figures. The first-born of death, that hands the ungodly over to death itself, the king of terrors, by consuming the limbs of the ungodly, is the Arabian leprosy, which slowly destroys the body. The brimstone indicates the fire of God, which, having fallen from heaven, has burned up one part of the herds and servants of Job; the withering of the branch, the death of Job's children, whom he himself, as a drying-up root that will also soon die off, has survived. Job is the ungodly man, who, with wealth, children, name, and all that he possessed, is being destroyed as an example of punishment for posterity both far and near. But, in reality, Job is not an example of punishment, but an example for consolation to posterity; and what posterity has to relate is not Job's ruin, but his wondrous deliverance (Psa 22:31.). He is no עוּל, but a righteous man; not one who לא ידע־אל, but he knows God better than the friends, although he contends with Him, and they defend Him. It is with him as with the righteous One, who complains, Psa 69:21 : "Contempt hath broken my heart, and I became sick: I hoped for sympathy, but in vain; for comforters, and found none;" and Psa 38:12 (comp. Psa 31:12; Psa 55:13-15; Psa 69:9; Psa 88:9, 19): "My lovers and my friends stand aloof from my stroke, and my kinsmen stand afar off." Not without a deep purpose does the poet make Bildad to address Job in the plural. The address is first directed to Job alone; nevertheless it is so put, that what Bildad says to Job is also intended to be said to others of a like way of thinking, therefore to a whole party of the opposite opinion to himself. Who are these like-minded? Hirzel rightly refers to Job 17:8. Job is the representative of the suffering and misjudged righteous, in other words: of the "congregation," whose blessedness is hidden beneath an outward form of suffering. One is hereby reminded that in the second part of Isaiah the יהוה עבד is also at one time spoken of in the sing., and at another time in the plur.; since this idea, by a remarkable contraction and expansion of expression (systole and diastole), at one time describes the one servant of Jehovah, and at another the congregation of the servants of Jehovah, which has its head in Him. Thus we again have a trace of the fact that the poet is narrating a history that is of universal significance, and that, although Job is no mere personification, he has in him brought forth to view an idea connected with the history of redemption. The ancient interpreters were on the track of this idea when they said in their way, that in Job we behold the image of Christ, and the figure of His church. Christi personam figuraliter gessit, says Beda; and Gregory, after having stated and explained that there is not in the Old Testament a righteous man who does not typically point to Christ, says: Beatus Iob venturi cum suo corpore typum redemtoris insinuat.

Commentary on the Old Testament, by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch [1857-78]

20 Those who dwell in the west are astonished at his day,

And trembling seizeth those who dwell in the east;

21 Surely thus it befalleth the dwellings of the unrighteous,

And thus the place of him that knew not God.

It is as much in accordance with the usage of Arabic as it is biblical, to call the day of a man's doom "his day," the day of a battle at a place "the day of that place." Who are the אחרנים who are astonished at it, and the קדמנים whom terror (שׂער as twice besides in this sense in Ezek.) seizes, or as it is properly, who seize terror, i.e., of themselves, without being able to do otherwise than yield to the emotion (as Job 21:6; Isa 13:8; comp. on the contrary Exo 15:14.)? Hirz., Schlottm., Hahn, and others, understand posterity by אחרנים, and by קדמנים their ancestors, therefore Job's contemporaries. But the return from the posterity to those then living is strange, and the usage of the language is opposed to it; for קדמנים is elsewhere always what belongs to the previous age in relation to the speaker (e.g., Sa1 24:14, comp. Ecc 4:16). Since, then, קדמני is used in the signification eastern (e.g., הים הקדמוני, the eastern sea = the Dead Sea), and אחרון in the signification western (e.g., הים האחרון, the western sea = the Mediterranean), it is much more suited both to the order of the words and the usage of the language to understand, with Schult., Oetinger, Umbr., and Ew., the former of those dwelling in the west, and the latter of those dwelling in the east. In the summarizing Job 18:21, the retrospective pronouns are also praegn., like Job 8:19; Job 20:29, comp. Job 26:14 : Thus is it, viz., according to their fate, i.e., thus it befalls them; and אך here retains its original affirmative signification (as in the concluding verse of Psa 58:1-11), although in Hebrew this is blended with the restrictive. וזה has Rebia mugrasch instead of great Schalscheleth,

(Note: Vid., Psalter ii. 503, and comp. Davidson, Outlines of Hebrew Accentuation (1861), p. 92, note.)

and מקום has in correct texts Legarme, which must be followed by לא־ידע with Illuj on the penult. On the relative clause לא־ידע אל without אשׁר, comp. e.g., Job 29:16; and on this use of the st. constr., vid., Ges. 116, 3. The last verse is as though those mentioned in Job 18:20 pointed with the finger to the example of punishment in the "desolated" dwellings which have been visited by the curse.

This second speech of Bildad begins, like the first (Job 8:2), with the reproach of endless babbling; but it does not end like the first (Job 8:22). The first closed with the words: "Thy haters shall be clothed with shame, and the tent of the godless is no more," the second is only an amplification of the second half of this conclusion, without taking up again anywhere the tone of promise, which there also embraces the threatening.

It is manifest also from this speech, that the friends, to express it in the words of the old commentators, know nothing of evangelical but only of legal suffering, and also only of legal, nothing of evangelical, righteousness. For the righteousness of which Job boasts is not the righteousness of single works of the law, but of a disposition directed to God, of conduct proceeding from faith, or (as the Old Testament generally says) from trust in God's mercy, the weaknesses of which are forgiven because they are exonerated by the habitual disposition of the man and the primary aim of his actions. The fact that the principle, "suffering is the consequence of human unrighteousness," is accounted by Bildad as the formula of an inviolable law of the moral order of the world, is closely connected with that outward aspect of human righteousness. One can only thus judge when one regards human righteousness and human destiny from the purely legal point of view. A man, as soon as we conceive him in faith, and therefore under grace, is no longer under that supposed exclusive fundamental law of the divine dealing. Brentius is quite right when he observes that the sentence of the law certainly is modified for the sake of the godly who have the word of promise. Bildad knows nothing of the worth and power which a man attains by a righteous heart. By faith he is removed from the domain of God's justice, which recompenses according to the law of works; and before the power of faith even rocks move from their place.

Bildad then goes off into a detailed description of the total destruction into which the evil-doer, after going about for a time oppressed with the terrors of his conscience as one walking over snares, at last sinks beneath a painful sickness. The description is terribly brilliant, solemn, and pathetic, as becomes the stern preacher of repentance with haughty mien and pharisaic self-confidence; it is none the less beautiful, and, considered in itself, also true - a masterpiece of the poet's skill in poetic idealizing, and in apportioning out the truth in dramatic form. The speech only becomes untrue through the application of the truth advanced, and this untruthfulness the poet has most delicately presented in it. For with a view of terrifying Job, Bildad interweaves distinct references to Job in his description; he knows, however, also how to conceal them under the rich drapery of diversified figures. The first-born of death, that hands the ungodly over to death itself, the king of terrors, by consuming the limbs of the ungodly, is the Arabian leprosy, which slowly destroys the body. The brimstone indicates the fire of God, which, having fallen from heaven, has burned up one part of the herds and servants of Job; the withering of the branch, the death of Job's children, whom he himself, as a drying-up root that will also soon die off, has survived. Job is the ungodly man, who, with wealth, children, name, and all that he possessed, is being destroyed as an example of punishment for posterity both far and near.

But, in reality, Job is not an example of punishment, but an example for consolation to posterity; and what posterity has to relate is not Job's ruin, but his wondrous deliverance (Psa 22:31.). He is no עוּל, but a righteous man; not one who לא ידע־אל, but he knows God better than the friends, although he contends with Him, and they defend Him. It is with him as with the righteous One, who complains, Psa 69:21 : "Contempt hath broken my heart, and I became sick: I hoped for sympathy, but in vain; for comforters, and found none;" and Psa 38:12 (comp. Psa 31:12; Psa 55:13-15; Psa 69:9; Psa 88:9, 19): "My lovers and my friends stand aloof from my stroke, and my kinsmen stand afar off." Not without a deep purpose does the poet make Bildad to address Job in the plural. The address is first directed to Job alone; nevertheless it is so put, that what Bildad says to Job is also intended to be said to others of a like way of thinking, therefore to a whole party of the opposite opinion to himself. Who are these like-minded? Hirzel rightly refers to Job 17:8. Job is the representative of the suffering and misjudged righteous, in other words: of the "congregation," whose blessedness is hidden beneath an outward form of suffering. One is hereby reminded that in the second part of Isaiah the יהוה עבד is also at one time spoken of in the sing., and at another time in the plur.; since this idea, by a remarkable contraction and expansion of expression (systole and diastole), at one time describes the one servant of Jehovah, and at another the congregation of the servants of Jehovah, which has its head in Him. Thus we again have a trace of the fact that the poet is narrating a history that is of universal significance, and that, although Job is no mere personification, he has in him brought forth to view an idea connected with the history of redemption. The ancient interpreters were on the track of this idea when they said in their way, that in Job we behold the image of Christ, and the figure of His church. Christi personam figuraliter gessit, says Beda; and Gregory, after having stated and explained that there is not in the Old Testament a righteous man who does not typically point to Christ, says: Beatus Iob venturi cum suo corpore typum redemtoris insinuat.

Explanatory Notes on the Whole Bible, by John Wesley [1754-65]
Astonied - At the day of his destruction. They shall be amazed at the suddenness, and dreadfulness of it. Before - Before the persons last mentioned. Those who lived in the time and place where this judgment was inflicted.

Adam Clarke Commentary on the Whole Bible - Published 1810-1826
They that come after him - The young shall be struck with astonishment when they hear the relation of the judgments of God upon this wicked man. As they that went before. The aged who were his contemporaries, and who saw the judgments that fell on him, were affrighted, אחזו שער achazu saar, seized with horror - were horrified; or, as Mr. Good has well expressed it, were panic-struck.

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⁸ And they shall be afraid [0926]: pangs [06735] and sorrows [02256] shall take hold [0270] of them; they shall be in pain [02342] as a woman that travaileth [03205]: they shall be amazed [08539] one [0376] at another [07453]; their faces [06440] shall be as flames [03851].

⁶ Even when I remember [02142] I am afraid [0926], and trembling [06427] taketh hold on [0270] my flesh [01320].

¹² But thou shouldest not have looked [07200] on the day [03117] of thy brother [0251] in the day [03117] that he became a stranger [05235]; neither shouldest thou have rejoiced [08055] over the children [01121] of Judah [03063] in the day [03117] of their destruction [06]; neither shouldest thou have spoken [06310] proudly [01431] in the day [03117] of distress [06869].

⁸ And it shall be in that day [03117], that living [02416] waters [04325] shall go out [03318] from Jerusalem [03389]; half [02677] of them toward the former [06931] sea [03220], and half [02677] of them toward the hinder [0314] sea [03220]: in summer [07019] and in winter [02779] shall it be.

¹⁸ And the east [06921] side [06285] ye shall measure [04058] from [0996] Hauran [02362], and from [0996] Damascus [01834], and from [0996] Gilead [01568], and from [0996] the land [0776] of Israel [03478] by Jordan [03383], from the border [01366] unto the east [06931] sea [03220]. And this is the east [06921] side [06285].

⁸ Then said [0559] he unto me, These waters [04325] issue out [03318] toward the east [06930] country [01552], and go down [03381] into the desert [06160], and go [0935] into the sea [03220]: which being brought forth [03318] into the sea [03220], the waters [04325] shall be healed [07495].

¹ Then Jacob [03290] went on [05375] his journey [07272], and came [03212] into the land [0776] of the people [01121] of the east [06924].

⁶ But unto the sons [01121] of the concubines [06370], which Abraham [085] had, Abraham [085] gave [05414] gifts [04979], and sent them away [07971] from Isaac [03327] his son [01121], while he yet lived [02416], eastward [06924], unto the east [06924] country [0776].

¹⁴ But they shall fly [05774] upon the shoulders [03802] of the Philistines [06430] toward the west [03220]; they shall spoil [0962] them [01121] of the east [06924] together [03162]: they shall lay [04916] their hand [03027] upon Edom [0123] and Moab [04124]; and the children [01121] of Ammon [05983] shall obey [04928] them.

³ His substance [04735] also was seven [07651] thousand [0505] sheep [06629], and three [07969] thousand [0505] camels [01581], and five [02568] hundred [03967] yoke [06776] of oxen [01241], and five [02568] hundred [03967] she asses [0860], and a very [03966] great [07227] household [05657]; so that this man [0376] was the greatest [01419] of all the men [01121] of the east [06924].

⁸ And the LORD [03068] God [0430] planted [05193] a garden [01588] eastward [06924] in Eden [05731]; and there [08033] he put [07760] the man [0120] whom [0834] he had formed [03335].

⁸ Behold, I go [01980] forward [06924], but he is not there; and backward [0268], but I cannot perceive [0995] him:

²⁰ But I will remove far off [07368] from you the northern [06830] army, and will drive [05080] him into a land [0776] barren [06723] and desolate [08077], with his face [06440] toward the east [06931] sea [03220], and his hinder part [05490] toward the utmost [0314] sea [03220], and his stink [0889] shall come up [05927], and his ill savour [06709] shall come up [05927], because he hath done [06213] great things [01431].

¹⁴ As many [07227] were astonied [08074] at thee; his visage [04758] was so marred [04893] more than any man [0376], and his form [08389] more than the sons [01121] of men [0120]:

² And all Naphtali [05321], and the land [0776] of Ephraim [0669], and Manasseh [04519], and all the land [0776] of Judah [03063], unto the utmost [0314] sea [03220],

²⁴ Every place [04725] whereon the soles [03709] of your feet [07272] shall tread [01869] shall be yours: from the wilderness [04057] and Lebanon [03844], from the river [05104], the river [05104] Euphrates [06578], even unto the uttermost [0314] sea [03220] shall your coast [01366] be.

³ And if the latter [0314] husband [0376] hate [08130] her, and write [03789] her a bill [05612] of divorcement [03748], and giveth [05414] it in her hand [03027], and sendeth [07971] her out of his house [01004]; or if the latter [0314] husband [0376] die [04191], which took [03947] her to be his wife [0802];

⁸ Behold, I go [01980] forward [06924], but he is not there; and backward [0268], but I cannot perceive [0995] him:
⁹ On the left hand [08040], where he doth work [06213], but I cannot behold [02372] him: he hideth [05848] himself on the right hand [03225], that I cannot see [07200] him:

⁸ Upright [03477] men shall be astonied [08074] at this, and the innocent [05355] shall stir up [05782] himself against the hypocrite [02611].

⁹ Mine eye [05869] mourneth [01669] by reason of affliction [06040]: LORD [03068], I have called [07121] daily [03117] upon thee, I have stretched out [07849] my hands [03709] unto thee.

⁹ For the zeal [07068] of thine house [01004] hath eaten me up [0398]; and the reproaches [02781] of them that reproached [02778] thee are fallen [05307] upon me.

¹³ But it was thou, a man [0582] mine equal [06187], my guide [0441], and mine acquaintance [03045].
¹⁴ We took sweet [04985] counsel [05475] together [03162], and walked [01980] unto the house [01004] of God [0430] in company [07285].
¹⁵ Let death [04194] seize [05377] [03451] upon them, and let them go down [03381] quick [02416] into hell [07585]: for wickedness [07451] is in their dwellings [04033], and among [07130] them.

¹² I am forgotten [07911] as a dead man [04191] out of mind [03820]: I am like a broken [06] vessel [03627].

¹² They also that seek [01245] after my life [05315] lay snares [05367] for me: and they that seek [01875] my hurt [07451] speak [01696] mischievous things [01942], and imagine [01897] deceits [04820] all the day [03117] long.

²¹ They gave [05414] me also gall [07219] for my meat [01267]; and in my thirst [06772] they gave me vinegar [02558] to drink [08248].

³¹ They shall come [0935], and shall declare [05046] his righteousness [06666] unto a people [05971] that shall be born [03205], that he hath done [06213] this.

²² They that hate [08130] thee shall be clothed [03847] with shame [01322]; and the dwelling [0168] place of the wicked [07563] shall come to nought [0369].

² How [0575] long [05704] wilt thou speak [04448] these things? and how long shall the words [0561] of thy mouth [06310] be like a strong [03524] wind [07307]?

²⁰ They that come after [0314] him shall be astonied [08074] at his day [03117], as they that went before [06931] were affrighted [0270] [08178].

¹⁶ I was a father [01] to the poor [034]: and the cause [07379] which I knew [03045] not I searched out [02713].

¹ To the chief Musician [05329], Altaschith [0516], Michtam [04387] of David [01732]. Do ye indeed [0552] speak [01696] righteousness [06664], O congregation [0482]? do ye judge [08199] uprightly [04339], O ye sons [01121] of men [0120]?
² Yea, in heart [03820] ye work [06466] wickedness [05766]; ye weigh [06424] the violence [02555] of your hands [03027] in the earth [0776].
³ The wicked [07563] are estranged [02114] from the womb [07358]: they go astray [08582] as soon as they be born [0990], speaking [01696] lies [03577].
⁴ Their poison [02534] is like [01823] the poison [02534] of a serpent [05175]: they are like the deaf [02795] adder [06620] that stoppeth [0331] her ear [0241];
⁵ Which will not hearken [08085] to the voice [06963] of charmers [03907], charming [02266] [02267] never so wisely [02449].
⁶ Break [02040] their teeth [08127], O God [0430], in their mouth [06310]: break out [05422] the great teeth [04459] of the young lions [03715], O LORD [03068].
⁷ Let them melt away [03988] as waters [04325] which run continually [01980]: when he bendeth [01869] his bow to shoot his arrows [02671], let them be as cut in pieces [04135].
⁸ As a snail [07642] which melteth [08557], let every one of them pass away [01980]: like the untimely birth [05309] of a woman [0802], that they may not see [02372] the sun [08121].
⁹ Before your pots [05518] can feel [0995] the thorns [0329], he shall take them away as with a whirlwind [08175], both living [02416], and in his wrath [02740].
¹⁰ The righteous [06662] shall rejoice [08055] when he seeth [02372] the vengeance [05359]: he shall wash [07364] his feet [06471] in the blood [01818] of the wicked [07563].
¹¹ So that a man [0120] shall say [0559], Verily there is a reward [06529] for the righteous [06662]: verily he is [03426] a God [0430] that judgeth [08199] in the earth [0776].

¹⁴ Lo, these are parts [07098] of his ways [01870]: but how little [08102] a portion [01697] is heard [08085] of him? but the thunder [07482] of his power [01369] who can understand [0995]?

²⁹ This is the portion [02506] of a wicked [07563] man [0120] from God [0430], and the heritage [05159] appointed [0561] unto him by God [0410].

¹⁹ Behold, this is the joy [04885] of his way [01870], and out of the earth [06083] shall others [0312] grow [06779].

²¹ Surely such are the dwellings [04908] of the wicked [05767], and this is the place [04725] of him that knoweth [03045] not God [0410].

¹⁶ There is no end [07093] of all the people [05971], even of all that have been before [06440] them: they also that come after [0314] shall not rejoice [08055] in him. Surely this also is vanity [01892] and vexation [07475] of spirit [07307].

¹⁴ After [0310] whom is the king [04428] of Israel [03478] come out [03318]? after [0310] whom dost thou pursue [07291]? after [0310] a dead [04191] dog [03611], after [0310] a [0259] flea [06550].

¹⁴ The people [05971] shall hear [08085], and be afraid [07264]: sorrow [02427] shall take hold [0270] on the inhabitants [03427] of Palestina [06429].

⁶ Even when I remember [02142] I am afraid [0926], and trembling [06427] taketh hold on [0270] my flesh [01320].